《鲁滨逊漂流记》现代性思想的进步意义与局限性 [6]
论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-05-25编辑:lzm点击率:20583
论文字数:5334论文编号:org201405241813398614语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:鲁滨逊漂流记现代性思想Robinson Crusoe进步意义与局限性Limitation of Modernity
摘要:This paper gives some ideas to the study of Robinson Crusoe as well as to the study of modernity. The study reveals that the two aspects, the progressiveness and limitation of modernity, existed from its very beginning. However, the two aspects of modernity were covered by the remaining influence of God and traditional value in the 18th century. This influence makes Robinson’s optimism for modernity.
many contradictions and problems appear: over-expanded rational discourses, the lack of humanistic freedom, the deterioration of the relationship between man and nature and so on. In fact, such problems of modernity already existed in itself at the time of inchoation, and also the limitation of modernity is implied in Robinson Crusoe.
3.1 The Loss of the Balance between Asceticism and Greediness
Max Weber in his famous work The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism profoundly revealed the conflict and adjustment between the old religious ideas and the rise of the capitalism in 18th century American continent. The original doctrine promotes the abstinence asceticism, which passively forces the people to make the lifelong confession for original sin and blames hedonism. This is in conflict with the requirements of the New World. Later, some religious leaders have a reformation and give birth to new ideas. They combine the ascetic secular work and self-atonement with the people’s sacred duty of reconstructing the ideal world together, which emphasizes obtaining wealth through thrift and hard work, and finally achieve a goal of saving soul. This one eliminates the equal sign between the wealth and the evil, so that it makes capitalists’ grabbing money legalized. This Zeitgeist for Robinson to pursue wealth laid a psychological foundation, and greediness made him into the adventure again and again. The religious thought of promoted asceticism has been lost, only those suitable contents for the development of capitalism were retained.
It should be said that at the beginning of capitalism, asceticism and greediness limit each other and stay in the balance. The asceticism creates the bourgeoisie’s life values, what is assiduity and budget carefully. At the same time, the greediness makes them a habit of venturesome spirit and ambition to push forward to the new frontier and conquer the nature. However, from the Robinson Crusoe the people feel that with the development of capitalism, the asceticism has lost its effect, it gives way to the greediness. By force of the tenacious efforts and under the support of human civilization, Robinson escapes the suffering and becomes a parvenu finally. In the process, the greediness gains the upper hand, and has gradually become the only domination of the development of the society. The result is what the people see now, everything has been stripped of the sacred color, people’s work and life lost the ultimate meaning, leaving only money.
3.2 The Parochial Life Values and Concept of Nature
In Robinson’s opinion, his life value is wealth; his concept of nature is conquering. The literary criticism on the image of Robinson raises a new question, which is life value and concept is parochial.
3.2.1 The Parochial Life Values Reflected by Image of Robinson
Since the development of modernity broke the master-servant relationship between God and men, people ever tried to replace the position of God for the pursuit of the material wealth. Through the analysis of life values of Robinson, it has been found that this attempt runs in vain. However, the significance of Robinson’s pursuit of freedom and wealth lies in his positive attitude to the value of individuals, which has long been depressed and even deprived of from men in the medieval period. Robinson’s pursuit of freedom and wealth well express the spirit of capitalism, w
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