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result of many personal moral failure. The vast majority of Germansignore ethical and moral order and make wrong ethical selections. They choose tofight and choose to be satisfied by trampling on the lives of others. According to SaulBellow, Victoria Aarons maintains that “the Holocaust exposes personal moral failure,lack of literary courage, the ethical impoverishment of modern culture, and anintellectual failure to visualize a universe that can regenerate ideas and civilization”(Assadi 120-121).

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CHAPTER TWO LOSS OF ETHICALORDER：AN OUTSIDER’SVIEW OFAMERICAN ETHICALENVIRONMENT IN THE 1960S

2.1 Disorderly Ethical Environment of New York

In the theoretical system of Ethical Literary Criticism, ethics generally refers to“the collective and social moral principles and standards that have been formed and recognized, observed and maintained by people” (Nie 254). In specific literary works,the core content of ethics is “the accepted and approved ethical relationships betweenmen and men, men and society, and men and nature, as well as the moral order basedon the kind of relationships and the various norms that maintain this kind of order.”(Nie 13). In modern society, under the constraint of ethical order widely recognizedby the collective and the society, the society should be peaceful, free, positive, justand ruled by law, and the ethical relationship between men and men,men and society,and men and nature should be harmonious and friendly. Ethical Literary Criticismholds the view that the task of literature is to describe the changes of ethicalrelationships and ethical order, and the various problems and different results causedby them, so as to provide experience and instruction for human progress.
In Mr. Sammler’s Planet, Bellow chooses Mr. Sammler, a man with multipleethical identities, as the protagonist of the novel, and lets Sammler observe theAmerican society in the 1960s from an outsider’s perspective, so as to maintain acertain distance to observe the turbulent ethical environment of America. Being adecent and responsible intellectual, Mr. Sammler is sensitive to the great changes ofethical relationships between men and men, men and society, and men and nature inAmerican society and he perceives that there is full of screwy visions and there islacking in ethical order in New York. 

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2.2 Crazy Worship of Sex

The generation born at the peak of childbearing after Second World War reachedadulthood in the 1960s, leading to an explosion of the youth population. By the end ofthe 1960s, “the number of young people in the American universities was three timesthat of farmers” (Zhou 128). Baby boomer generation grows up in an affluent andsecure environment, so they do not experience the pain that their parents do. Naturally,they have different lifestyles, values and moral standards from the older generation.They choose to oppose the values of the older generation, challenge the existingethical order, and demand to share freedom and democracy. They emphasize the freeexpression of emotions and their activities are marked by an experimental quest fornew way of life. And it is their selections to pursue infinite freedom and a new way oflife that destroys the existing ethical order and leads to social chaos and disorder. Andthe Sexual Liberation Mo本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。