英语论文网

overall aim of the paper will include qualitative and quantitative information from primary data collection and secondary sources such as reference books, government statistics or market intelligence reports.

3. Findings and Analysis 调查结果与分析

3.1 General Information about Management Performance of the Portman Ritz Carlton Shanghai

Portman Ritz Carlton Shanghai, as one of the most outstanding hotels in China, has won the Best Employer in Asia and Best Employer in China awards run by Hewitt Associates' and 21st Century Business Herald for the third consecutive time with a staff satisfaction reached 97%.

3.2 Chinese Beliefs Viewed By Western Managers

3.2.1 The Relevance of Confucian Thought to Modern Chinese Values
Confucianism, as the cream of Chinese national culture and tradition, has been handed down from ancient times. Moreover, Confucian thoughts dominated Chinese academic field, and it became impossible to refute or argue against its theory. For this reason, most western managers in China have found that the majority of Chinese certain cultures and philosophies are deriving from Confucian values, and Chinese employees will continue to adopt it as a behavioral norm.

Confucian values in business consist of many key factors, such as cooperation, concept of face, self-effacement, propriety and humility (Curtis and Lu, 2004). These led Chinese managers to behave in a particular way, is somewhat against foreign traditions. For instance, as an individualistic nation, Chinese companies tend to encourage their workers to cooperate with each other, in order to provide relief from the pressures of individual study and achieve the organizational goals (Flowerdew, 1998). Furthermore, as a typical concept of Confucianism, respect for superior is stressed at workplaces. Employees will be reluctant to challenge the managers’ opinions, and regard this as a rule in business operations.

In conclusion, as mentioned by the western managers of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel, Confucian thoughts have been adopted as a standard of social conduct in Chinese businesses. Although Confucianism itself is an ethical system that monitoring Chinese modern lifestyles, with the accelerating advancement of civilization, on the basis of traditional core concepts, Chinese should pay more attention to promote a reformed lifestyle, which is practical in the modern world.
3.2.2 Hofstede’s Five Dimensions of Cultural Values

What may be even more significant viewed by western leaders is that China displays a particular style of business behavior, which has such a high power distance with offsetting low individualism. This can be extensively clarified by analyzing Geert Hofstede’s research, especially on Hofstede’s classic study of dimensions of cultural values (1980, cited by Tan and Torrington, 2004:21).

On one side, Chinese managers tend to use an autocratic pattern to treat their subordinates. According to Hofstede (1980: 26), a large power distance culture (PDI) is indicative of a higher level of inequality of power and wealth in the workplaces and enables an organization to have more layers of management. As a typical country with high power distance, China has accepted the unequal distribution of power in institutions as part of their cultural heritage. For example, Chinese employees of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel ar