错误传达——Miscommunication
在所有现代文化所面临的问题当中,有一个问题逐渐成为了
跨文化交际关系中的决定性因素。本文将要论述的就是词不达意的错误传达问题,已经越来越多的成为现代文化交往的风格。作为理解沟通的对立面,错误传达是不同文化之间进行沟通过程中的一种方式。然而,由于我们缺乏理解,全球文化冲撞已经达到了无法预知的规模和程度。而且这种理解的缺乏在跨文化交际的其他维度当中显然已经成为最重要的。
我将在本文中对错误传达问题进行深入探讨,并且引用我自己和一位来自不同文化的伙伴之间的沟通失败作为案例分析。该项目的主要目标就是解读文化错误传达是如何影响我们生活的,并且证明通过理解尊重对方,这种不畅通的交际是可以被修正的。
Among the problems faced to modern culture, there is one that is gradually becoming a defining factor in cross-cultural relations. The speech is going about miscommunication that is more and more form the style of the cultural processes of modernity. Miscommunication as the opposite side of understanding is one of the measurements in the process of communication between different cultures. However, the global conflict of cultures, witnesses, accomplices and the judges of which we are was generated by the lack of understanding of an unprecedented scale and intensity. And this lack of understanding beneath our eyes becomes more important in comparison to all other dimensions of communication within different cultures.
I would like to discuss the problem of miscommunication in this project and use my own experience as an illustration of a communication breakdown between myself and a person from another culture. The main goals of my project are to explain and discuss how cultural miscommunication influences on our life, and to prove a
thesis that miscommunication between different cultures and nations could be overcame through the specific knowledge and respect to a person whom we are communicating with.
First of all in the frames of this paper it is necessary to mention that real conflict takes place under special circumstances: in a state of globality. The state of globality is characterized by the activity of an already established and effective 'global society', where the contours of conventional cultures are broken.
Actually, no culture, ethnic group, nation, country or group of countries can no longer pretend that it is separated from the rest of the world and its affairs are 'internal problems' that do not relate to any of the 'foreigners'. It turned out that there are no foreigners at all: they're gone in the sense that the culture had lost its previous, well-defined boundaries, and therefore alien and own largely mixed up, changed its previous topology and geography.
In the modern world 'ethical issues', and, in particular, issues of ethnic identity and ethnic prejudice achieved its culmination: the linguistic, cultural, status and other differences have become a stumbling block for the peaceful coexistence of many ethnic groups.
Defining the term 'miscommunication' we should say that according to Gudykunst (2003), ...
As serious psychological barriers in the process of cross-cultural communication the so-called 'ethnic stereotypes' acts as relatively stable representation of the moral, mental, physical and other qualities of the representatives of different ethnic communities. Every person is a member of a certain ethnic group, and he or she consciously or subconsciously divides all people into 'one's own' (belonging to the same ethnic group) and 'outsiders' (members of other ethnic groups).
According to Gumperz ( 1982) we see that on the verbal level culturological sign 'of somebody's own or someone else' is manifested in the semantics of the various n
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