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论文作者:留学生论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2022-07-01编辑:vicky点击率:876
论文字数:52522论文编号:org202206271521346218语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
关键词:高中英语教学论文
摘要:本文是一篇高中英语教学论文,本文首先,在英语听力中,高中生对语言推理策略的总体使用意识达到中等水平。具体来说,他们有时会考虑如何推断未知单词,并试图将他们已经掌握的阅读方法转变为听力理解。
Chapter Two Literature Review
2.1 FocusBased on a large amount of research describing the nature of focus, this sectiongives a detailed explanation of focus, covering the definition, classification, numberproblem and markedness theory.
2.1.1 Definition of Focus
Different schools hold disparate views on the definition of focus based on theirtheoretical frameworks. Focuses were firstly studied by the functional school.Halliday (1967) initially proposed that a focus represents new information, which isalso known as the significant information expressed by the speaker. In terms ofphonetics, a focus serves as the intonation center marked by the nuclear accent.Similarly, Rochemont (1986) put forward that a focus is the part corresponding to thenew information in a given context. In the 1970s, the generative grammar schoolbegan to pay attention to this issue based on the framework of “presupposition-focus”.Chomsky (1972) pointed out that a focus is the phrase which includes the intonationcenter. Jackendoff (1972) divided a sentence into a presupposition and a focus.Contrary to a presupposition, from the speaker’s point of view, a focus refers to whatis not shared by the listener. From the perspective of formal linguistics, Cinque (1993)described that a focus is the most deeply embedded position on the recursive side ofbranching. Lambrecht (1994) pointed out that a focus is the semantic component thatdistinguishes assertion from presupposition, and the presupposition here is a semanticconcept, referring to the premise of a true proposition.
Although the definitions of focus vary, the main defining criteria are intonationcenter, syntactic position, information structure, and pragmatic expression. In thisthesis, a focus is regarded as the most prominent new information marked by thespeaker with an intensive accent and by the writer with lexical or grammatical devices.When it comes to the choice of focus, the speaker should not only consider a wholediscourse and the requirement of its components to highlight their own importance,but also deal with these requirements according to communicative purposes. Thechoice of focus largely determines the construction of a discourse.
2.2 Accent
“Accent” is viewed as one of the essential ingredients of natural language,serving as the vital foundation for text-to-speech projects. This section makes anoverall introduction of the definition and classification of accent, and reviewsprevious research on distribution rules and focal accents.
2.2.1 Definition of Accent
In the prosodic structure of natural language, word stresses (also known asstresses) and pitch accents (also known as accents) are two components. Theirreasonable distribution has a vital impact on the aural naturalness and semanticinterpretation of speech. Word stresses act on the inner parts of vocabulary withrelatively fixed and easy changing rules. However, accents act on the level ofdiscourse and are regarded as phonetic representations of discourse focuses (Chen2003: 94). In this study, the term accent is the research object and accents areidentified to be closely associated with focuses.
2.2.2 Classification of Accent
Linguistic schools hold disparate views on the classification of accents. Wang etal. (2006) advocated tha本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。