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nce in spreading knowledge between countries. Therefore, translating the given text more effectively to provide qualified translation is worth studying. In comparision with other text types, IT English is much informative, and is characterized by technical terms, complex sentences, and strong logicality and coherence. According to Catford’s Translation Shifts Theory, translators are supposed to bear the obligation to deliver the message accurately to the readers of the target language. Meanwhile, translation shifts theory stresses the accuracy and readability of translation. In this way, this translation report attempts to make full use of the theory to improve the quality of E-C translation of IT texts.

Chapter 2  Theoretical Framework

2.1 Level Shifts

Language is a patterned system, which consists of various categories at the level of the ladder structure, and each category at the lower level will play a certain language function in the category at the higher level (Halverson, 2007). Catford affirms the communicative nature of language, and there are great differences between “formal correspondence” and “text equivalence” among different languages. To eliminate this difference, it is necessary to implement translation shifts in the translation process, and he proposes that this translation shifts theory is mainly reflected in level shifts and category shifts (Guo, 2010).

Level shifts occur when there is no equivalent language expression of English in the target language, in which a level of source language items (such as grammar) corresponds to different levels of target language items (such as words), that is, in the translation process, a certain component in the text is shifted at the corresponding level between the source language and the target language, and the mood words in English text are shifted into concrete substantive words in Chinese.

2.2 Category Shifts

On the other hand, category shifts are manifested as a formal non-equivalence from the sentence structure of the source language in the translation process, which is beyond the bounds of the forms of the sentence to truly convey the information and the contents of the source language. Catford mainly divides it into the following three forms. The first one is structure shifts, which are related to the grammatical changes in the source language structure and the target language structure. The second one is class shifts, which means that the source language items are translated by the target language items with different parts of speech, such as nouns to be translated into verbs in the source language. The third one is unit shifts, which are related to sentence change caused by the difference in language structure between the source language and the target language in translation practice.

However, through her research on translation shifts theory, the translator finds out that discourse shifts should be added to complete level shifts and category shifts due to the limits in translation shifts theory, which could be explained as translation compensation. Xia Tingde (2006: 68) delivers his opinion that the compensation of potential or occurring losses in semantics is normally realized by primarily target language means, and is supplemented by other linguistic means in accordance with norms of the target languag本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。