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s have been reduced based on the tariff reduction form (Baie and Bergstrand, 2001). Last but not least, it takes the forms of tariff quotas. Under such circumstances, governments adopt relatively low tariff rates upon certain imported products as long as the amount does not exceed the stated quotas, while in the meantime, governments adopt the relatively higher rates of tariff upon those products exceeding the stated quotas. For example, in practice, issues like the making of amount of quotas, allocations and management process are involved with unfair treatments and discrimination (Hirst & Thompson, 1996). For example, before the entering WTO, Chinese government quite often use tariff quotas and differentiated criteria to control its importing certain products, some of the most needed products will be favored and given priority, while others will not be treated equally.

3.2 Non-tariff barriers
The following barriers are also used quite often by governments of several levels which may hurt the international and national free trade activities. The following free trade barriers are usually issued by the national governments or the various industrial associated which are manipulated by the government as a matter of fact under most circumstances.

Firstly, the import licensing refers to the fact that firms which want to import goods from other countries or regions need to get the importing permissions from the related government institutions in order to get the import right. Otherwise, they are not allowed to be involved with the direct importing activities. Secondly, the export licensing refers to the fact that firms which want to export goods to overseas or other special regions also need to get the exporting permissions in order to have the export right (Parkhe, 1993). Otherwise, they are not allowed to be involved with the direct exporting activities. Thirdly, the import quotas refer to the fact that goods only within certain amount of quotas are allowed to be imported by firms, those exceed this quota are not allowed to be imported. Fourthly, the import prohibition is one of the most direct and most serious free trade barriers upon firms which directly forbid firms to import certain products under regulate specific categories. Fifthly, the technological barrier upon free trade is one of the most significant and commonly used barriers upon the national and international free trade. In practice, the technological barriers upon free trade take several forms including the technological regulations, industrial standards, qualification evaluation procedures; product inspection mechanism; packing requirements and labeling requirements; information technology barriers and green barriers of environment protection upon free trade. Sixthly, the export restrictions refer to the fact that firms suffer certain specific restrictions issued by the national governments upon exporting products (Rivera-Baits and Romer, 1991b). Seventhly, the government procurement and subsidies refer to the fact that national governments of several levels offer unfair supports and backups, together with certain favorable, financial and political supports to certain firms over others in specific product markets. Last but not least, the anti-dumping, countervailing, safeguards and other trade remedy measures can also produce significant negative influence on the national and international free trade under certain circumst