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mic gaps between countries in the region. The gaps have driven a wedge in bilateral as well as multilateral cooperation and countries which are at the lower end of the capability gap do not want to be seen to be dependent on the more capable partners in process.

Thirdly, political suspicions are still festering in the region and a political framework that could facilitate cooperative maritime security is still lacking. ASEAN have limitation due to a lack of enforcement power and lingering differences and security concerns that exist between pairs of regional countries.

Military Intelligence Cooperation Challenges

Many obstacles lie in the path of implementing the military intelligence cooperation in order to safeguarding the Straits of Malacca. First is the lack of trust between stakeholders. Maritime boundaries and territorial dispute also stand in the way of increased maritime cooperation. Another obstacle to cooperation is that jurisdiction over piracy is uncertain in disputed maritime areas in some parts of the southern Straits of Malacca and Singapore Straits. Another concern is whether the littoral states have the resources, such as sufficient navy vessels, to contribute to these joint patrols. Malaysia is forming a coast guard and beefing up its navy while Singapore has a fleet of corvettes and other high-speed vessels but Indonesia's capability is not clear. Other challenges that will military personnel facing when to be aboard vessels for another country, as this need facilitate clearance to conduct ‘hot pursuit' into the territorial waters of another country as well as ‘soften' the issue of sovereignty.

However, the greatest challenge will be the political will of the three littoral states. If any of the national governments of the three littoral states were unable to sustain the momentum of putting maritime security and cooperation high on their respective political agenda, then the joint patrol would be not effective. Thus it would be everyone's interest to encourage and support the littoral states to pursue their regional maritime security cooperation with all dispatch.

Enhancing the Present Cooperation

Based on the existing cooperation there is areas of cooperation need to be enhanced as follows: International laws, especially law of the sea, have provided the basic principles in managing the Straits of Malacca, namely that the sovereignty and sovereign rights of coastal states prevails over the Straits of Malacca and thus responsibility of security and safety rest with the coastal states. The existing institutional framework of managing the Straits of Malacca is actually agreed upon by coastal states, namely Tripartite Ministerial Meeting, Straits of Malacca and Technical Expert Group. 

Due to the current international environment and recent development in the Straits of Malacca, the Tripartite Ministerial Meeting needs to reconvene its meetings to address a number of issues that are not technical in nature. Due to the nature of relation between coastal states and stakeholders, any discussions on the Straits of Malacca should be inclusive and not exclusive. Individual country may provide individual assistance on certa本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。