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understand theirthinking styles and strategies defects in learning and practicing listening activities,improve their learning methods and the understanding of listening strategies, andapply what they have learned to increase listening achievement effectively.. Forteachers, they can cultivate some favorable ways of thinking styles of students andchange their own teaching methods and the style of listening teaching. Althoughlistening is generally considered to have the basic skill among the four basic languageskills, it is the most difficult but the least studied one (Vandergrift, 2007). Scholarshave studied the relationship among thinking styles, listening strategies and listeningachievement (Wang Qin, 2010; Duan Yongli, 2012; Han Qiushi, 2012; Liu Huiling,2019; Zhao Anxin, 2020). However, the research subjects selected in previous studiesare mostly college students, there are few researches studying on high school studentsfrom the same school. 

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Studies on Thinking Styles

2.1.1 The Definition of Thinking Styles

Thinking styles are a brand-new concept of styles (Theory of MentalSelf-government) put forward by Sternberg based on cognitive styles theory aftersynthesizing the concept of style put forward by some researchers in 1988. Sternberg(1997) considers thinking styles as ‘a way of thinking, which is not an ability, butrather, a preferred way of using the abilities one has’ (p8.). Cognitive styles ere a wayto describe the information processing of an individual organization. It focuses onexplaining the differences of some cognitive characteristics in perception, memory,and problem-solving. Unlike cognitive styles, thinking styles describe the waylearners prefer to think after learning or knowing the content.

Furthermore, the differences between style and ability are of great importance.Ability refers to whether someone can do something or not. Style refers to the waysomeone likes to do something. In our society, we often think and talk about ability,which is essential for success in school and life. However, it is not and cannot be all.

Sternberg (1997) used government management to compare how we manage ourthings. We need to respond to social changes. Sometimes we need to change ourselvesto remove certain obstacles, which is just like government management. Sternberg(1997) put forward the theory of mental self-management and divides it into five dimensions (functions, forms, levels, scope, and leanings) and 13 styles.

2.2 Studies on English Listening Strategies

2.2.1 Definition of English Listening Strategies

Listening strategies are an important part of second language learning strategies.Its research is based on the study of learning strategies, and is a part of learningstrategies. Therefore, the definition of learning strategies is also related to listeningstrategies. For example, learning strategies are a series of measures and actions takenfor effective learning, while listening learning strategies refer to a series of measuresand actions taken by learners in order to learn listening well (Wang Qin, 2010).Research on foreign language learning strategies has been conducted for more than 30years. However, there is no consensus on its definition and classification at home andabroad. The following is the definition of learning strategies by some majorresearchers 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。