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erting a considerable impact on what and how teachers teach[12].It alsoimplies that the language in textbooks is intend for students.Building a corpus of all thediscourses in English textbooks help teachers and students observe the types ofgrammatical cohesive devices which students need to grasp in senior high school.

Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Definitions of Key Concepts

The key concepts of this study include text and textuality,cohesion,and cohesivedevices.The research content(writing and cohesion)of this study is based on the text level.Textuality is a property shared by all texts and involves seven principles.One of theprinciples of textuality is cohesion.Cohesive devices are tools for signaling cohesion,which can be divided into grammatical cohesive devices and lexical cohesion.This sectionillustrates these terms with great clarity.

2.1.1 Text and Textuality

Text is used in linguistics to refer to any spoken or written passage that forms aunified whole[5].It is defined by Halliday and Hasan[5]as a language unit in use.Hatim[13]advances that text is the ultimate linguistic unit in any action involving languagecommunication.Fairclough[14]observes that texts are viewed as components of socialevents.According to Tanskanen[15],text refers to a dynamic communicative event thatcomprises linguistic,cognitive,and social elements.Widdowson[16]defines text as anactual usage of language,as opposed to a phrase which is an abstract unit of linguisticanalysis.Janjua[17]maintains that text is any spoken or written piece of any length thatforms a unit.Text,according to most scholars,refers to a language in use,which fulfills acommunicative role in human interaction.

Textuality is a property shared by all texts,and its definition can be traced back toBeaugrande and Dressler[18],who endeavor to clarify the notion of text and textuality.Theypropose that text can be considered as a communicative occurrence only if it satisfies sevenprinciples of textuality:intentionality,acceptability,informativity,situationality,intertextuality,cohesion,and coherence.These principles are essential for defining a text asa communicative unit.The text will not be considered communicative if it fails to meet anyof these standards.

2.2 Theoretical Foundation

The theoretical basis of this study is Halliday and Hasan’s cohesion theory.Studies oncohesion began in the 1960s with Jacobson’s[36]research of syntactic and parallel patternsin literature.Since then,scholars have been exploring the theory of textual cohesion.Oneof the most contributory studies to the understanding of cohesion is the pioneering work ofHalliday and Hasan.According to them,cohesion is a semantic relationship between acomponent in the text and some other components vital to its interpretation[5].Cohesionoccurs where the interpretation of one element in the text is contingent on that of another,and these two elements,the presupposing and the presupposed,can be referred as a pair ofties[5].It is these ties that generate cohesive relations within and between sentences,contributing to the cohesion of the text.In other words,no single element can be cohesiveby itself since grammatical and lexical devices become cohesive only when they areinterpreted in relation to other elements in the text.Halliday and Hasan[5]divide cohesiveties into two categories based on the systemic functional 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。