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sion. The influences of the background knowledge are no less important than the linguistic knowledge. Language is a kind of cultural expression. The relationship between language and culture is very close, and different countries have different cultures. It is necessary for students to know some background knowledge about the English countries, such as the history, culture, customs, life styles and habits. If students lack these kinds of knowledge, they cannot understand the listening materials correctly. For example, if students are given two passages, one is about Mid-Autumn Festival; the other is about Easter Day. It is very easy for them to understand the former, because Mid-Autumn Day is the traditional festival in China, and they are very familiar with it; while to the latter one, if students know quite little about Easter Day, they will find it is very difficult for them to answer some questions about it during the process of listening. 3.2 Bad listening habits The main purpose of listening is to understand the general idea. But the bad habits in the process of listening comprehension prevent some students from catching the major content. For example, they always try their best to get the meaning of every word, every sentence, once they meet a new word or a difficult sentence, they will stop to think them over, and in this case they cannot catch up with the speaker any more. “Still some students cannot directly understand English materials; they are used to translating English into Chinese while listening.”[11] Also many students are passive listeners, and they never read the topic before sound signals come, and they are not used to predicting the following contents, and they always sit there to wait for the following contents after finishing listening one sentence or one paragraph. The worse is that some students take listening comprehension for granted; they never pay attention to listening and think it is unimportant to them. All these bad habits, in a sense, are the main factors affecting their listening comprehension. In fact, it is unnecessary to know every word and sentence, you only should catch the main idea, grasp the major points, which are enough. If students concentrate on ‘Heart Translation’ while listening, and they cannot catch up with the speaker, and also that’s why you have no time to attend to the main content, let alone seize the implication of it. So students must get rid of these bad habits for their improvements in listening comprehension. 3.3 Psychological factors Listening comprehension is closely related to psychological factors. The process of listening comprehension is a very complicated psychological one. It is easy for students to become frightened when they are at their nervousness. If they meet some words or sentences they do not know, they will feel fidgety. Even some students are afraid of listening at the very beginning, and others cannot concentrate their attentions on the listening, and other things will draw students’ attentions while having listening class. Thus most students can hardly learn anything in class, and listening comprehension is a painful thing to them. 3.4 Memory barriers Memory plays an essential part in the process of listening. “Memory is the premise of comprehension, while comprehension is the sublimation of memory. In some sense, quality of memory is the degree of understanding.”[12] Listening is becoming more and more important, but students find it difficult to m