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hat deception can be helpful to achieve specific pragmatic effects, both as a means of communication and also as a way of expressing personal information. In this case, it was of necessity to approach deception from the pragmatic angle. One problem deserves our attention is that domestic studies of deception is disadvantaged compared with the overseas studies with excessive focus diverted to the morality of deception. It was not until 1980s that the linguistic study of deception emerged at home. Therefore, the study of deception based on empirical evidences from the sociolinguistic perspective is not only meaningful but also vital and urgent. Besides, few scholars integrate deception with Chinese traditional works to analyze its pragmatic effects.
As a pragmatic strategy, deception is frequently used to achieve certain effects in our daily conversations. Different kinds of deception in certain context can cause different effects. Deception can be classified into beneficial false information and harmful false information according to Qian’s False Information Theory（Zhang, 2006:8）.Beneficial false information means that the deception we use is beneficial to others; harmful false information means that the deception we use is harmful to others. 
However, deception occurred in daily life is not given the same attention. Comparatively speaking, the research of it conducted in pragmatic and sociolinguistic field is even more backward.

In this paper, deception is considered as a communicative strategy. The author analyzes deception from a dynamic perspective. This will deepen the understanding of deception in daily communication. The previous papers mainly analyze deception in terms of its adaptability, but they do not make a detailed analysis of its pragmatic strategies and effects. The previous studies have laid a solid foundation for further study of deception. We should absorb constructive ideas and make up for the deficiency of the past studies. Based on the past researches, the study of deception could be more comprehensive. This thesis tries to overcome the deficiencies of previous studies and to analyze the pragmatic strategies and effects of deception in detail. So this thesis tries to adopt one of Chinese traditionally classic works--- Three Kingdoms to analyze deception in this novel and study how pragmatic effects are achieved by using deception, so as to further our understanding of the novel and promote combinations of literary works with linguistics theories.
In one word, taking a pragmatic perspective, this thesis makes an analysis of deception as a pragmatic strategy and summarizes its pragmatic effects. This study may shed light on the investigation of deception in natural language.
Contents 
Abstract 
Chapter 1   General Introduction
1.1 The Purpose of the Thesis
1.2 Type of Research and Hypotheses
1.3 The Possible Difficulty or Problem and Solution 
Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework and Literature Review
2.1 Definitions of Deception
2.2 The Classification of Deception
2.3 Literature Review
2.3.1Qian Guanlian’s False Information Theory
   2.3.2 The Cooperative Principle by Grice
2.3.3 The Politeness Principle by Leech
Chapter 3 Methodology
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 The Cooperative Principle
3.2.1 Violation of the Maxim of Quality
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