摘要:在美国很多大学和学院都是在2002年以后逐步的接入互联网,随着越来越多的学生经常从网络上下载电影、音乐文件,但是这些电影和音乐文件都是未经授权的盗版产品。在某些情况下,甚至有多达75%的网络带宽被文件传输所占用。
论文长度最后应该为4-5页,使用标准页边距、双倍行距和12号字体进行排版,这些要求会在以下内容中列出,你不需要做更多的研究。维基百科可以帮助你开始这篇论文,但是人们普遍认为,它提供的资料不够(因为一些内容没有被授权,所以我不允许你使用这种资源)。“斯坦福哲学百科全书”是比较权威的,但它可以给你更多的信息,你需可以从这里获取你所需要的资料。
The final paper should be 4-5 pages long, double spaced with standard margins and 12 point font and will be based on one of six cases given below. You do not need to do additional research. Wikipedia can help you get started but the general consensus is that it is not scholarly enough to be included in academic work (some professors disagree, so I won’t mark you down for using this resource). The Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy is more authoritative though it can give you much more information that you need for this paper.
在美国很多大学和学院都是在2002年以后逐步的接入互联网,随着越来越多的学生经常从网络上下载电影、音乐文件,但是这些电影和音乐文件都是未经授权的盗版产品。在某些情况下,甚至有多达75%的网络带宽被文件传输所占用。
At many college and universities in the United States, internet connections began to slow perceptibly in 2002 as more and more students were downloading music and movies, often files that were pirated or that they were otherwise unauthorized to download. In some cases, as much as seventy-five percent of a university’s bandwidth is being taken up with file swapping.
The final paper will be an analysis of one of a series of six cases (given below). Here’s how I want you to structure your paper:
1. First, summarize in a few sentences the ethical issues involved in the case you’re writing about (i.e. why is there an ethical debate or issue here at all)? Please pick only one case! Make sure your answer is general, rather than simply repeating the facts of the case (remember the difference between a descriptive and a normative claim).
How are we to resolve the ethical issue(s) you identified above, that is, what is your view of the matter and what reasons do you have for it? Here I want to see an argument of some kind, with an easily identifiable conclusion and supporting premises (reasons for your claim). I do not expect you to give me a valid argument (we would need more practice with logic to do that), but I think you’ve seen enough good argumentative style in the readings for you to give it a try.
Of the ethical theories we have surveyed, which, if any, best accounts for your reasoning in (2)? This need not be a separate paragraph, but I need to see that you’re applying one or more of the theories surveyed in the text.
The next section should contain a counter-argument to the conclusion you’re tried to establish in (2). As best you can, try to give one or more philosophical reasons for thinking that your favored view is false. That is, how would someone argue against the claims you’ve made in (2)? For example, someone might attack the truth of one of the premises you’ve used in part (2). This is actually a rather difficult thing for students to do, so here’s a
strategy for getting started. After writing up (2) as best you can, take a day off. Then re-read what you wrote and think of how an ethicist (like you, for example) would respond to the argument. What are its weaknesses? Might one of the premises be false? Or might the theory that it uses to draw its conclusion be suspect in some way? The reason I want you to do this is that in good philosophy one needs to anticipate some objections, which your opponent will probably already have in mind. By responding to potential objections in the course of your paper you greatly strengthen your position (see below).
5. Next, wr
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