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Strong corporate culture:
Strong corporate cultures are seen as instilling appropriate behaviors and. This is essentially what is argued here with regard to the non-union approach of McDonald's in both the countries.

McDonald's Anti-union belief:
McDonald's is basically a non-union company and intends to stay that way. About unionization in the UK once McDonald's stated thata€|.. unionization has risen its ugly head over the years, but you know, we feel that we offer a good deal to people, all kinds of ways in which we can communicate, so that if there was a problem they can bring it to management, we feel that we don't need unions. But in Germany McDonald's never been outspoken like in UK about union.

Public image
Macdonald's has a big public image and brand reputation which may have been considered both in the UK and Germany to establish collective bargaining approaches.

Employer Associations
Employer associations in Germany are stronger than UK. So the MsDonald'S approach in the UK is different from that of Germany.

Q.b. How may McDonald's have considered individual bargaining as an alternative or additional approach in both Germany and the UK? What benefits and/or problems may this have brought in both countries?
Individual bargaining:
'Individual bargaining is the process by which an employer and an employee negotiate an individual contract of employment, regulating the terms and conditions of employment'.

Individual Bargaining: Advantages
'The main advantage of individual bargaining is it is a single voice and thus there is no conflict in matters'

'Another advantage of individual bargaining is that it expresses the views and opinions of one person and thus there is no compromising'

Individual Bargaining: Disadvantages
'The main disadvantage of individual bargaining is that the manager will not take a lot of notice of just one person's views or opinions and therefore nothing will happen'

'Thus there is not a lot of chance that individual bargaining will have an influence on company decisions and policies'.

Collective Bargaining: Advantages
'The main advantage of collective bargaining is that the manager will not take a great deal of time in deciding on what action to take on an individual level'.

'The employees have greater influence in the final decision the manager will take'.

'There is also a chance of the employees getting what they demand'.

Collective Bargaining: Disadvantages
'The main disadvantage of collective bargaining is that it is seen as depriving the individual worker of their individual liberty and voice'.

'The major changes in the industrial relations in UK i.e. a shift away from collective bargaining towards individual argaining were in the favour of McDonald's own strategy'.

'The turn down in the union membership in both UK and Germany also helps McDonalds to practice the individual bargaining in their organization'.

Benefits:
'Improvement in the relationship of management and workers within the organization as it is evident from the statement of John cooke McDonald's US Labour relations chief as: 'We feel that we offer a good deal to people, all kinds of ways in which we can communicate, so that if there ±¾ÂÛÎÄÓÉÓ¢ÓïÂÛÎÄÍøÌṩÕûÀí£¬ÌṩÂÛÎÄ´úд£¬Ó¢ÓïÂÛÎÄ´úд£¬´úдÂÛÎÄ£¬´úдӢÓïÂÛÎÄ£¬´úдÁôѧÉúÂÛÎÄ£¬´úдӢÎÄÂÛÎÄ£¬ÁôѧÉúÂÛÎÄ´úдÏà¹ØºËÐĹؼü´ÊËÑË÷¡£
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