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希腊文明分为几个时期，它形成于公元前800－500年黑暗时代，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。 希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。 

古罗马通常指从公元前9世纪初在意大利半岛中部兴起的文明，历罗马王政时代、罗马共和国，于1世纪前后扩张成为横跨欧洲、亚洲、非洲的庞大罗马帝国。到395年，罗马帝国分裂为东西两部。西罗马帝国亡于476年。东罗马帝国（即拜占廷帝国）变为封建国家，1453年为奥斯曼帝国所灭。根据传说，当特洛伊城遭到希腊人进攻的时候，维纳斯女神的儿子埃涅阿斯及其追随者逃出来，沿北非西行穿过迦太基，来到罗马。

罗马人对世界文化所作出的最为重要的贡献就是保存了希腊和中东地区的文化古罗马文化成果。罗马人在广泛吸收四邻各族优秀文化成果，特别是古代希腊人的卓越文化成就的基础上，根据本国社会、经济、政治发展的需要，创造了自己独特的文化，为世界文化增添了新的内容。

Romas, or Gypsy, have traveled all over the world starting from India, which is considered their origin however not proven, and ending up as far as Spain where their customs have influenced and changed modern day societies. These diasporas were not deliberate but rather forced on them due to their beliefs. Stereotypes have been created to make Romas look like thieves, which is where the phrase, “I’ve been gypped,” comes from. Gypsies were and still are easy to point out due to their dark skin and jet black hair making it easier to discriminate. They traveled to Egypt, Turkey, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, France, and Spain looking for a place to call home, but no one would accept them. Some even persecuted and murdered them like in the Holocaust. However, what is most interesting is how their miseries and suffering have made them into one of the strongest cultures to survive so long. One of their biggest strengths is Music. Without it, they might not still be here today. 

Music by definition is “vocal or instrumental sounds possessing a degree of melody, harmony, or rhythm.” However, to the Roma people music is a form of identity, of beauty, of culture. The music heard from these people will tell a story, whether of their troubled past or just pure entertainment. Every person in the Roma society is familiar with or can chant the heartfelt lyrics and melodies that have been orally passed on or created as generations have come and gone. Each country and generation had a different style of music. Yet, they all put a lot of pride and work for each gathering and chant. All sorts of instruments, mostly percussion, are played by extremely talented artists. Certain attires are prepared for the dances that go with each song. The women would normally do most of the dancing. They would decorate themselves with beautiful linens and jewelry and attach thimbles and tambourines to their body. The men usually would play the instruments. Both sexes would sing, even the little children. A key part in keeping their identity so strong is that the parents are strict on teaching their children the music and dance. Their lyrics tell stories about horrible times or hope for freedom in the end. These styles of music create a kind of passion and thrive to continue. Their music kept them alive. 

One of the most interesting things about the Roma society is how their music, being so sacred to them, changed other societies. Flamenco music was created by them. This music is well heard off in Spain. The other popular form of music they passed on to the world is belly dancing. Both of these styles are considered a part of Spanish and Northern African identities. It is strange how both of these lands have treated the Romas so poorly even though they’ve given so much. 

Today’s music spans into many genres. However, most of today’s modern music only appeals to emotions r本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。