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rights surmounting to genocide. The international image of the GoS was further deteriorated when documents outlining official support for the Janjaweed were made public.

With the influence of Chadian presiden Idriss Debly, -who saw the need of preventing the conflict from becoming a regional issue- negotiations over Darfur started in the final months of 2003 and were taken over by the African Union in March 2004. Finally on April 8, 2004 the Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement (HCFA) was signed by the GoS, the SLM and the JEM. The parties agreed to: cease hostilitis; establish Joint and Ceasefire Commissions for oversight; release prisoners of war; facilitate the delivery of humanitarian assitance ; and create a team of military observers with a protection force to monitor the ceasefire. This force became the African Union Mission in Sudan (AMIS) and began being deployed on July 2004. After this, 'AU officials raised the ambitions of the peace talks and aimed for a comprehensive peace agreement' (FOI) whose negotiations were continued in Abuja, Nigeria. Meanwhile the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) addressed the crisis for the first time in resolution 1547, welcoming the African Union efforts and reaffirming the importance of the April 8 Ceasefire Agreement. (S/res/1547 2004) A subsequent resolution was approved on July 30, 2004 and called on the GoS to investigate violations of hiuman rights and resume political talks with the SLM and JEM, among other things. Additionally it approves AMIS, calls on the Gos to 'disarm the Janhaweed militias and apprehend and bring to justice Janjaweed leaders and their associates who have icited and carried out human rights and international law violations and other atrocities,' (S/res/1556 2004) and prohibits the sale of weapons to the Janjaweed. Two further resolutions were approved in 2004. Resolution 1564, asks the Secretary-General to 'establish an international commission of inquiry in order to investigate reports of violations of international humanitarian laq and human rights law in Darfur by all parties, to determine also wether of not acts of genocide have ocurred, and to identify the perpetrators of such violations with a view to ensuring that those responsible are held accountable.' (S/res/1564 2004) Finally, Resolution 1574 extends the mandate of UNAMIS by three months and welcomes its increase in personnel to 3320 people. A Declaration of Principles was signed in July 2005 incompleto

UNAMID

2007

A steep rise in the number of internally displaced people within Sudan and refugees in Chad, persisting attacks against civilians and harrasment of aid workers persisted during the first months of 2007 and increased towards the end of the year. 'There were also reports of forced relocation of civilians and raids into camps by the govenrment, obstruction of assitance and increased inter-communal fighting, reportedly with Khartoum's support.' (SecurityCouncilReport.org) In February, International Criminal Court Chief Prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo presented charges against Sudanese minister Ahmed Haroun and Janjaweed commander Ali Muhammad Ali Abd-al-Rahman. In May, report S/2007/307 by the Secretary-General of the UN and the Chairperson of the AU outlined the character and possible mandate of a joint operation in Darfur. On June 12-13, a key breakthrough was made when the GoS accepted the launching of a hybrid AU/UN oper