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苏丹达尔富尔地区对维和行动的需求来自于从苏丹政府 (GOS),其盟军贾贾威德民兵组织,与其他武装叛乱团体之间的斗争以及由此引发的人道主义危机。自2003年冲突爆发以来,它已经成为现代历史上最严重的人道主义危机。联合国官方数据显示,在此期间“死亡人数多达300000人,至少2500000人(已经)从达尔富尔流离失所。”(背景unamid.unmissions.org)此外, 国际特赦组织(Amnesty International)“平民已经成为令人震惊的人权侵犯行为的受害者…无以计数的妇女和女孩被绑架,强奸和虐待…[并且]这一代的儿童的学龄非常短，他们不知道家的概念是什么。”

达尔富尔位于苏丹的西北地区,是非洲大陆最大的国家。苏丹的种族和宗教沿袭着内在很深的社会和文化分歧。自1956年独立以来,主要是阿拉伯穆斯林的北方和以基督教和非洲人为主的南部地区经常发生战争，让这个国家几乎处于长期战争的状态

The Need For A Peacekeeping Operation In Sudan International Law Essay

The need for a peacekeeping operation in the Darfur region of Sudan arose from the fighting between the Government of Sudan (GOS), allied with the Janjaweed militia, and various other armed rebel groups and the resulting humanitarian crisis. Since the conflict erupted in 2003, it has become one of the most serious humanitarian crises in contemporary history. Official UN data reveals that during this period 'up to 300,000 people are thought to have died and at least two and a half million [have been] displaced from their comes in Darfur.' (Background unamid.unmissions.org) Furthermore, according to Amnesty International 'civilians have become victims of egregious human rights violations, … an unknown number of women and girls have been abducted, raped and abused … [and] a generation of children has reched school-age not knowing a home.'

Darfur is located in the northwestern region of Sudan, the biggest country in the African continent. Sudan has had deep internal social and cultural divisions along ethnic and religious lines. Since its independence in 1956, the northern -mainly arab muslim- and the southern -christian and african- regions have warred with each other, keeping the country in an almost constant state of conflict. Civil wars have most significantly occurred between 1956 and 1972, and 1983-2005.

In February 2003, an attack by Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebels on the GOS’s garrison of El Fasher in Noth Darfur (Global Security.org) sparked a new round of fighting, this time in Darfur. These two rebel groups had been formed by members of non-arab Fur, Zaghawa and Massaleit ethnic groups out of resentment towards the Islamic government of President Omar Al-Bashir. Constant Socio-economical and political marginalization of African groups had caused inconformity in many parts of Sudan, not only Darfur. Violence, however, took a stronghold in this region in 2003. The SLA and JEM groups “stated their attacks were in protest of the government of Sudan's failure to protect local villagers from attacks by nomadic groups, and economic marginalization of the region.”(Amnesty) The government, allied with Arab militias collectively known as the Janjaweed, responded to the SLA and JEM offensives with brutal repression and 'after a series of military victories ... Arab Janjaweed militia[s] began ethnically cleansing African tribes.' Throughout the second half of 2003 and the first half of 2004 the flow of refugees into neighboring Chad grew steadily and reports of ' killings, rape and the burning and looting of entire villages' surfaced in the international Media. (Globalsecurity.org) The government justified attacks on civilian populations accusing tribes of harboring rebels, while the International Community associated the Janjaweed with gross violations of human