英语论文网

英语新闻报道的基调是“记者把得到的信息如实地传送给大众”。但其“传送”形式是不尽相同的。有的报道是郑重其是地向大众传播重要新闻,有的则是提供趣闻、奇闻和佚事。新闻媒体极为广泛,有报纸、杂志、无线电广播、有线广播、电视、传单等。表达方式可以是书面的,也可以是口头的,或书面形式口头传播,口头形式书面传播;从内容上分析,新闻报道包括时事报道、新闻特写、新闻述评、社论等。总之各种语类的新闻语篇都有自己的语类结构[1]。于是就发生了英语新闻报道的独特文体现象。关于英语新闻报道的语篇要求,一是应以尽可能小的篇幅提供尽可能大的信息量;二是要对重要的内容突出报道;三是在语篇的展开顺序上先概述事件的主要信息和特点,然后再详细地叙述事件的来龙去脉[3]。

1 表达意义的浓缩性

1.1 过程的浓缩在信息浓缩过程中,短句经常被浓缩为名词或词组,一个过程的意义通常被浓缩为一个信息成分,主位或述位,而新信息(前景化)或已知信息(背景化)则较多地使用简单句。英语新闻报道要求每一个简单句都能容纳尽可能多的内容,故常用同位语、介词短语、分词短语以及句词(sentence words)等语言成分来扩展简单句[2]。

例如:Competition from shopping malls and discountstores, coupled with a torpid response by Sear' sown management, forced a retreat to the company' score retail business, which analysis predicted wouldnot prosper.从信息分布的角度看,此句可分为两部分:主要部分为主位,即背景化成分;其他部分为述位,让前景化成分使名物化成分还原。由此可得如下短句:(The companies) competed for shopping mallsand discount stores, and Sear' s own managementresponded torpidly. This forced the company' s coreretail business to retreat. Analysis predicted thiswould not prosper.

1.2 前置修饰成分的高度浓缩由短语或短句转化而成的前置修饰词通常为:(1) darkness-at-edge-of-town-shadows.(2) the top of 143-year-old company.把以上名词成分前置转换成后置成分一般为:1a: their shadows which display darkness atthe edge of the town (in the picture);2a: the top of the company which was set up143 years ago;

2 语言表达的客观性

新闻报道的基本职能是向读者传播真实的、客观的信息,用英语从事新闻报道亦不例外。

2.1 话语明了作者为了表达某种观点、意见、看法和行为的来源,通常总要注明谁是“讲话人”(Sayer):Paris-Air France said on Wednesday that itwould not raise wages in 1993 beyond an increaseagreed upon last year, and lashed at its unions,saying they had no conception of the state-ownedcarrier' s difficulties.这段话明确地表示了话是谁说的、什么时候说的以及说的内容是什么。从而使读者对报道的事实确信无疑。

2.2 大量引语为了提高新闻报道的可信度,作者常把讲话人的话原本引出来,作为依据,以飨读者。“It' s the company that isn' t taking into accountthe economic situation.”Mr. Genoves said.

3 表达的具体性新闻报道应尽量把事情的来龙去脉讲清楚,这样,势必与上述的“意义浓缩”发生矛盾。为了解决这个问题,作者通常以插叙的形式将背景信息和具体细节简略地表述出来。

如:Ironically, the strike entered its third week onWednesday even though the dispute that promptedit——attendants were forced to fill in for absentcoworkers of different status——was settled. Theunion had dug in its heels over a cathay demandrelated to the strike itself——that it be allowed todiscipline flight attendants who walked off the job.

4 语言表达的生动性

语言的生动,可引起读者的兴趣,吸引其注意力。大量使用引语既可提高报道的真实性和客观性,又可提高其生动性。尤其是在标题中使用效果更佳。Pillar of European Unity,Stell Now DividesEast And WestDulsberg, Germany——when Germany' sfourth largest producer, filled for protection formcreditors last months, the besieged industry wasted no time in pinning much of the blame on cheapexports from Eastern Europe.此外,英语新闻报道还非常注重遣词造句,竭力表现新闻“短、平、快”的特点。新闻报道中经常使用其它文体中不经常出现的新闻体词语,如journalisticwords。这些词语经常出现在报刊上,已经成为一种“行话”。例如:war games, summit talk, showdown,diplomaticround (a series of diplomatic actions),woo(to persuade; to seek or win)等[2]。值得一提的是英语新闻报道中的造词现象。许多“临时造词”是采用拼缀法实现的。例如:VIP,Euromissile (Europeanmissile ), fruice ( fruit juice ), masscult ( massculture), child out of book( child who was bornwithout social security ID)。在新闻标题上,这种“创新”手法已得到新闻工作者广泛认可和运用,如Allwork and no play-The world' s youngest laborerssacrifice their children in days of endless toil.All work and no play源于谚语“All work andno pl本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。