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First of all, a definition of what is accepted to conceptualise the term 'youth' is important. Youth is the time between the childhood and adolescence. Definitions of the specific age of the youth vary. Somehow, according to the UN, youth are regarded to be individuals aged between 14 to 24 years. However the operational definition and nuance of the term youth often vary from country to country, depending on the socio-cultural, institutional, economic and political factors.

Ghetto
Loic Wacquant believes that a ghetto is enclaves with high concentration of 'minorities' or ethnically marked population. Wacquant also claims that ghetto holds more youngsters residents, has an overrepresentation of single parent families and that black American ghettos have been ravaged by deindustrialization, where ethnically marked populations tend to be concentrated. (1992)

Wacquant mentioned that the ghetto has become a loathed place whose mere mention suffices to evoke lurid image of drugs, violence, and social and moral dissolution.

According to a young man interviewed in Wacquant work,

' It's bad for the kids that's comin' up in the neighborhood' cause that's who they have ta look up. They got people like dese guys 'shooting the breeze' by the entrance of a liquor store tha's doin' everythin' wrong to look up to. I mean! Is that anythin to try t'teach kids, to be a dobe dealer or a dope user, or to be a pimp?...It's bad ya know, that dese guys, they messed up they lives and stuff , ya know, or they don't care too much about how dey life gonna turn out to bea€|' (Wacquant.1992:15)

Creation of ghetto
Urban areas in the U.S. can often be classified as 'black' or 'white', with the inhabitants primarily belonging to a homogenous racial grouping. Forty years after the African-American civil rights era (1955-1968), most of the United States remains a residentially segregated society in which blacks and whites inhabit different neighborhoods. Due to poverty and crime, black neighborhoods in the United States are known as 'ghettos'.

Many of these neighborhoods are located in Northern cities where African Americans moved during The Great Migration (1914-1960) a period when over a million African Americans moved out of the rural Southern United States to escape the widespread racism of the South, to seek out employment opportunities in urban environments, and to pursue what was widely perceived to be a better life in the North. In the Midwest, neighborhoods were built on high wages from manufacturing union jobs; these in-demand jobs dried up during the decline of industry and the ensuing downsizing at steel mills, auto plants, and other factories starting in the early 1970s. Segregation increased most in those cities with the greatest black in-migration.

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