Social Policy Essays-新政政策
工党的新政政策是一个战略,帮助很多人去获得职业的技能和找到工作。
下面英国福利意识形态的历史概述,新政政策的特定属性将批判性回顾说明政策如何彰显新工党的福利意识形态。
A.旧的福利意识形态-一个简短的回顾
(a)伊丽莎白一世时期的贫济法
法律救济贫困首次引入是在强制慈善机构的灭亡之后,伴随着宗教改革。在1552年,这里有初步的穷人教区记事录,强制集资,直到1601年,随着伊丽莎白一世时期的贫济法的出现。这个法负责征收税收,分配给穷人钱和食物,但是这里有着重的强调在等级制度和慈善救济的前提下去救济。长期的解决方案的概念将影响社会差别构造,类别是当时不可或缺的意识形态,长期的解决方案给穷人超过从不会构思的讲义。尽管如此,系统对于无家可归者是人道的,提供了衰弱的“院内救济”在自定义构建的住宿里。制造的户外救济可以适用于他们自己的家里。这种意识形态继续贯穿一些行为的适应,这包括1622年的结算体系,1782年的吉尔伯特体系,1795年的史宾翰兰体系。
(b)从1934年到福利国家—一个变化的英国
1834年贫济法修正案引入了一个集中的基金管理系统和给穷人带来了好处,众所周知,是济贫院。,没有救济的新法律的意识形态,将对那些不能生活在他们自己的贫济院有用。(1834年贫济法修正案,第二十六章)。
Social Policy Essays - New Deal Policy
工党的新政政策是一个战略,帮助很多人去获得职业的技能和找到工作-Labour's New Deal policy is a strategy to assist many people to obtain vocational skills and find employment.
Following an overview of British Welfare Ideology
history, the specific attributes of the New Deal policy will be critically reviewed with illustration of how the policy typifies New Labour Welfare Ideology.
A. Welfare Ideologies of the Past - A brief overview.
(a) The Elizabethan Poor Law
The legal relief of poverty was first introduced after the demise of compulsory charity that followed the reformation. There were initial parish registers of the poor in 1552 and compulsory fund raising, through to 1601 with the advent of the Elizabethan Poor Law (43 Eliz I Cap. 2). This law oversaw the levying of taxes for the distribution of money and food to the poor but there was a heavy emphasis on hierarchy and charity as the premise for relief. The notion of a long term solution would have affected the fabric of social distinction, and as class was integral to the ideology of the time, long term solutions for the poor beyond 'handouts' were never conceived of. Despite this, the system was humane as the homeless and infirm were provided with 'indoor relief' in custom built accommodations and the 'outdoor relief' was made available to those in their own homes. This ideology continued throughout a number of adaptations to the act, which included the Settlement Act 1662, the Gilbert's Act 1782 and the Speenhamland System of 1795.
(b) From 1834 to the Welfare State - a changing Britain
The Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 introduced a centralised system of administration of funds and benefits for the poor, and, more notoriously, the workhouse. It was the ideology of the new law that no relief would be made available to those not living inside these workhouses (Poor Law Amendment Act 1834, XXVI). However, the face of Britain was changing and more and more reforms were being brought in to improve the state of public health and
Education. By the beginning of the 20th century, the Liberal Democrats had set in motion the foundations of the modern welfare state with new laws that were outside the poor law. These included free school meals under the Education Act 1907 and the National
Insurance Act 1911. Piecemeal external poor law Acts, designed to deal with specific issues, eventually led to the outright abolition of the Poor Law in 1948 with the National Assistance Act. The concept for this law was for the state to assist all needy UK nationals from the 'Cradle to the Grave' but the sheer cost implications and the rise in numbers of the long term unemployed meant that the New Labour Government of 1997 was faced w
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