英语论文网

文化适应的影响及其在墨西哥裔美国人中如何抑制社会和心理健康服务的使用。
美国在随后的几十年里，它的老年人口将成为更多的种族和种族多元化。2012年到2050年之间，美国将经历相当大的增长的老年人口，2050年，65岁及以上人口预计将达到8370万，几乎是在2012年的一倍，最大的来源是来自墨西哥的移民，比世界上其他任何国家都要多，在美国有1200万移民，超过一半（51%）的墨西哥移民人口是未经授权的，大约有58%的非法移民。这篇文献综述的题目是：“文化适应的影响是什么？它是如何抑制墨西哥裔美国人的社会和心理健康服务的使用的？”

The Effect of Acculturation and how it Inhibits the use of Social and Mental Health Services among Mexican-American Elders.

As the United States ages over the next several decades, its older population will become more racially and ethnically diverse (Ortman, Velkoff, & Hogan, 2014). Between 2012 and 2050, it is stated the United States will experience considerable growth in its older population and by year 2050, the population aged 65 and over is projected to be 83.7 million, almost double its estimated population of 43.1 million in 2012 (Ortman, Velkoff, & Hogan, 2014) with the largest source of immigration being from Mexico than any other country in the world at a reported level of 12 million immigrants in the U.S. (Ortman, Velkoff, & Hogan, 2014). Per Passel and Cohn, 2011), over half (51%) of Mexican immigrant population are unauthorized, and some 58% of unauthorized immigrants in the U.S. are of Mexican decent. This literature review is directed by asking the question 'What is the effect of acculturation and how it does it inhibit the use of social and mental health services among Mexican-American elders? '

As the percentage of the aging Mexican - American population increases, concerns for their financial strength does also. When determining the quality of life of older Mexican- Americans, socioeconomic status is a key factor in their success (Furman, Negi, Iwamoto, Rowan, Shukraft, Gragg, 2009). The U.S. Census Bureau reports that nearly 10 percent of the aging population live below official poverty thresholds (U.S. Census Bureau, 2006). Despite lower socioeconomic status, the Mexican American population enjoy a more favorable mortality profile than non-Hispanics, living to 80 years compared to 78 years for non-Hispanic whites and 73 years for blacks (Angel, Prickett & Angel, 2014).

Within their communities, Elders are considered vital members and are anticipated to actively fulfill essential roles such as those of mentors, cultural transmitters, providers of care for grandchildren, and civic and religious leadership (Ramos & Wright, 2010). The Mexican cultural value of collectivism and communal orientation has the ability to serve as a protective factor in alleviating distress (Furman et al., 2009). In many cultures, such as in Mexico, rapport begins through exchange of conversations or chit-chat before beginning the business of medical history-taking and physical examination (Furman et al, 2009; Gallagher-Thompson, Talamantes, Ramirez, Valverde, 1996; Elliott, 1996). The lack of social and emotional support may influence immigrants to rely solely on themselves to manage their stress (Furman et al. 2009). The effects of the stressors associated with constantly having to adapt to unfamiliar environments, work-related stress (Ramos & Wright, 2010), and lack of social and emotional support may take a psychological and physical toll on many immigrants (Furman et al., 2009). Historically, there has been a lack of mental health services available in many communities where people of color reside (Griner & Smith, 2006; Flaskerud & Hu, 1994; Marger, 2002; Sue, 1988; Sue & Zane, 1