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5.1.3 Government Guidelines

It should be the government of Pakistan issuing guidelines, codes of practice or a set of principles to supplement laws or provide guidance to institutions on the exploitation of IP rights. The aim of such guidelines should be to ensure that universities have access to information on best practices in the identification, protection and management of IP rights.

5.1.4 Transparent Legislations for IP Protection

When technologically advanced countries of the world are analyzed then the outcome in their case is that clear and transparent rules covering the ownership of any intellectual property rights are very critical. Different countries have legislated on this matter in different ways, ranging from provisions in patent legislation or in employment legislation to specific legislation dealing with university IP and technology transfer; the government of Pakistan in this respect should make a nation-wide policy that clearly establishes issues of ownership of IP rights ,This will not only provide clear and predictable rules of the game for all stakeholders but will also facilitate joint research between different institutions.

5.1.5 Initiatives for the Establishment of Technology Transfer Offices TTO’s

In a number of countries, programs have been introduced to support the establishment of technology transfer offices. TTO’s are broadly defined as bodies that are in charge of managing the transfer of technology to industry and are often in charge of managing a university’s IP assets. Considering such type of TTOs it was observed especially in Japan that this really helped their country in commercializing the innovations made in the academia, so we think that even the government of Pakistan should start such initiatives, this would enable in commercializing the researches being done in the universities and would surely boost up our economy. The purpose of TTO’s would be to take an active role in seeking targets for technology transfer and establish close relations with companies in the specific fields of expertise of the university. The advantage of having an office specialized in technology transfer would be that it will enable universities to professionalize their technology transfer activities.

5.2 University Policy on Intellectual Property and Technology Transfer

5.2.1 Clear IP Policy

A crucial first step for any university intending to build partnerships with the private sector for the transfer of protected inventions is to have a clear and transparent IP policy that is formally approved by the university authorities which in case of Pakistan is HEC, and should make it available for consultation by researchers and external partners. University IP policies should generally cover all IP rights, in particular patents and copyright, but may also regulate the transfer of know-how. Some of the main objectives of an internal IP policy should be to:

Provide rules and guidelines for the commercial exploitation of IP generated within the university.

Ensure that discoveries, inventions and creations generated by staff and students are utilized in ways most likely to benefit the public.

Establish ownership criteria.

Define the responsibilities, rights and obligations of all stakeholders.

Develop basic guide