经济发展的现代性理论 英语论文范文 [6]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2014-09-22编辑:yangcheng点击率:13721
论文字数:4378论文编号:org201409202301387299语种:英语 English地区:马来西亚价格:免费论文
关键词:经济发展现代性理论国内生产总值Economics Essay
摘要:本文是一篇经济发展的现代性理论,经济增长可以定义为增加在一个国家的国内生产总值(GDP)。国内生产总值(Gdp)被认为是最重要的指标,因为它被用于比较经济之间的目的或者在不同时间段的同一经济。
ed to embrace the conditions that have been set by the rich nations that loaned them. Multinational corporations also work to reinforce the dependency levels as they exploit the cheap raw material and labor that is offered in the less developed countries. (Chan & Clark 1992:67).
The dependency theory blames the powerful countries for perpetuating poverty rates among the poor countries through colonialism, neocolonialism as well as through the multinational corporations. It can be used to explain the economic development in the less developed countries such as Africa and Latin America. It is however criticized on the grounds that some countries such as Ethiopia were never colonized yet they have not developed economically. Again, the multinational corporations are thought to have a negative effect on the developed countries as they lead to the transfer of human capital, technology as well as profit transfer that could have otherwise been retained in their countries. Again, some countries have developed economic wise despite their being colonized by the western powerful countries for instance Singapore and Hong Kong. Their dependence on the western nations for foreign loans and trade is deemed as the major reason behind their economic success contrary to the expectation. (Bottomore 1991:137)
The dependency theory argues that the rich countries have a permanent advantage over the less developed countries. The dependency theory seems to offer an explanation of why some nations remain poor even after they have embraced the values of modern societies. It explores the interdependence between the rich and powerful nations and the poor or low income nations. The dependency theory suggests that economic development is realized as a result of external political, social as well as economic influences on a country’s development policies. This theory is often used to explain the economic conditions of the Latin America. According to the dependency theory, the international system has a prevalent form of capitalism which could be financial, commercial or industrial in nature. The dominant nations have a strong interest in acquiring raw materials such as agricultural products and minerals as well as cheap labor. There is also a competitive degree in the capital concentration and rivalry in the power concentration and the form of trade embraced is mercantilist in nature. On the other hand, the Latin America country’s supply the raw materials to the developed world as well as offer a market for the developed countries products.
Neo-liberalism theory
Neo-liberalism theory of economic development argues that there is nothing special with the developed nations and that development is merely due to the adoption of right prices while letting the market forces work effectively. Neo-liberalism theories emphasize on the role of free trade and rational choice in economic growth and development. (Harvey 2007: 1). This theory is also termed as neoclassical theory of economic development which favors reduced government control in the economy due to the nation that state involvement in an economy led to inefficiencies that deterred economic growth and development. The argument here was that letting the market forces take full charge of the economy translated to efficient allocation of resources which had social advantages too. The role of foreign aid was also highlighted as of having negative effects on
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