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and law. Moreover, latest research indicates that developing countries lose a large amount of potential tax revenue due to tax evasion and avoidance.

Working towards a transparent, cooperative and fair international tax environment

Strengthen support to domestic revenue mobilisation in developing countries, in the context of its broader efforts to strengthen good governance and public finance management in these countries, by: – Increasing the effectiveness of the support to developing countries' capacities to raise domestic revenues in line with the principles of good governance in the tax area. This will be done in particular through a more comprehensive approach in support of tax reforms and administration, increased support to demand-driven regional and international capacity development initiatives, including EITI and IMF initiatives, and better donor coordination at EU and international levels; – Making best use of relevant dialogue and assessment tools, e.g. governance criteria, profiles, action plans, for ensuring an effective monitoring of domestic revenue issues and good governance commitments in the tax area;; – Better integrating tax issues when assessing budget support eligibility and supporting Public Financial Management reforms; – Strengthening monitoring capacities in developing countries in the fight against illicit financial flows, including through support to non-state actors; – Supporting regional institutions and countries engaged in economic regional integration and trade liberalisation, and strengthening their capacity to improve domestic tax revenue mobilisation.

Promote the principles of good governance in tax matters, and support developing countries to fight against tax evasion and other harmful tax practices, by: – Encouraging and supporting closer cooperation between relevant OECD and UN bodies when developing international standards of tax cooperation, taking into account the specific needs and capacities of developing countries; – Including, as appropriate, a specific reference to strengthening tax systems and to the principles of good governance in the tax area in all development cooperation agreements with third parties; – Providing technical cooperation to developing countries committed to the principles of good governance in the tax area to enable them to conclude and implement TIEA and, where appropriate, DTC; – Supporting the adoption and implementation of the OECD transfer pricing guidelines in developing countries;

To strengthen the effectiveness of the global economic system’s support for development, we encourage the following actions:

Strengthen international tax cooperation, through enhanced dialogue among national tax authorities and greater coordination of the work of the concerned multilateral bodies and relevant regional organizations, giving special attention to the needs of developing countries and countries with economies in transition;

We will continue to undertake fiscal reform, including tax reform, which is key to enhancing macroeconomic policies and mobilizing domestic public resources. We will also continue to improve budgetary processes and to enhance the transparency of public financial management and the quality of expenditures. We will step up efforts to enhance tax revenues through 8 modernized tax systems, more efficient tax collection, broadening the tax base and effectively combating tax evasion. W