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nto a minivan. He shoves Junior to the ground and wants to kick Junior for laughing, but stops at the last second and then breaks other things to vent his anger. Rowdy does not truly punch or kick Junior in most cases when he gets angry. He, however, is absolutely mad and does hurt Junior when he knows Junior’s plan of transfer to Reardan. That is because of his hatred of Reardan for the four basketball games the Wellpinit Redskins lost last year. Rowdy hates Junior because Junior, in his opinion, has already been a traitor to their tribe and reservation, so he screams at him and punches him in the face. Lying on the ground for a long time, Junior realizes that Rowdy is no longer his best friend and has become his worst enemy.

Chapter Three  Causes for Junior and Rowdy’s Neuroses ................. 22

3.1 Problems of the Spokane Reservation ............................. 22

3.2 Junior’s Physical Abnormalities and Suffering from Violence .................... 25

3.3 Rowdy’s Suffering from Child Abuse ............................ 29

Chapter Four  Different Ways and Consequences of Solving Junior and Rowdy’s Neuroses ....................... 32

4.1 Junior’s Solution: Escaping the Reservation ........................... 32

4.1.1 Junior’s Escaping the Reservation and Mr. P’s Encouragement ............................ 33

4.1.2 Junior’s Self-realization in the White Society ............................ 36

Chapter Five  Conclusion .......................... 49

Chapter Four  Different Ways and Consequences of Solving Junior and Rowdy’s Neuroses

4.1 Junior’s Solution: Escaping the Reservation

Junior’s neurotic development caused by his actual self and living conditions has been discussed in the previous sections. If his neurosis continued to develop, he would idealize himself as a rich and famous artist and finally become a self-effacing neurotic who, as defined by Horney (1951: 214), is dependent upon others. He decides to transfer to an all-white school because his real self never gives up growing, and that school may help him keep his hope. During his first year at Reardan High School, he makes friends with white children, and his real self becomes more and more alive so that he can overcome his neurosis and realize his given potentialities. In this section, favorable conditions for his recovery and his solution to neurosis will be discussed.

4.1.1 Junior’s Escaping the Reservation and Mr. P’s Encouragement

Junior regards drawing as his “only real chance to escape the reservation” (Alexie, 2009: 6). And he explains the reasons why he draws to his readers in the first chapter of this novel. Considering his living conditions and violence against him on the reservation, the reader could understand why he, as an Indian, holds an eagerness to leave the reservation where Indians live separately from other races. In his opinion, reservations are not only of unimportance and unhappiness but also “prisons” and “death camps”—reservation Indians are too poor to have chances or choices to realize their dreams and are “supposed to disappear” on the reservations (Alexie, 2009: 13, 30, 216-217). 

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