英语论文网

随着组织在规模和复杂性等方面的发展,组织逐渐从集权到分权的改变。在这种情况下,传统的等级“自上而下”的管理风格，强调了“命令和控制”不再是成功了。相反,相对进步组织与平结构,涉及员工的概念化,规划和实施阶段的变化,成功以满足不断增长的质量和灵活性，要求通过流行的变化给员工带来授权。因此,员工被给予了决策权力和发展员工的归属感。这表明员工授权的出现。

全球化和技术打破了传统的进入壁垒,然后部队组织从保护市场竞争高度激烈的全球市场。此外,今天的知识及面向服务的经济成了软成功因素的主导作用,对于无形资产,因此不仅增加宏观层面上的动力,也为公司内部创造了新的挑战:公司活动也变得越来越复杂和内部动态增加。因此,组织必须改变他们的实践和应用长期战略管理，以满足激烈竞争的商业环境。

介绍——Introduction

In the turbulent business environment, managers need to use innovation control systems to drive strategic renewal. Criticisms of the inadequacy of cost managements systems including budget, in a changing business environment emerged as early as the mid 1980s (Ahmad et al., 2003). Therefore, new strategic management tool such as balanced scorecard is developed in order to response to the recent business environment.

今天的商业环境——Today's business environment

In past three decades, business environment is rapidly changed due to the interplay of three factors, namely advance in technology, globalisation and intensive competitive. These three factors force the changes in current organisational arrangements and management practices.

组织结构的变化——Changes in organisation structure

As organisation grows in size and complexity, organisation moves gradually from centralisation to decentralisation. In such situation, traditional hierarchical 'top down' management style which emphasis 'command and control' is no longer succeeded. Conversely, comparatively progressive organisations with flatter structures, which involved their employees during the conceptualization, planning and implementation stages of change, succeeded to meet the rising demands for quality and flexibility through popular change brought about through empowerment of its employees (Bilal, 2007). Hence, employees are given level of decision making authority and develop sense of ownership among the employees. This indicates that arise of employee empowerment.

管理实践的变化——Changes in management practices

Globalisation and technology have broken down traditional barriers to entry, and then forces organisations move from protected markets to highly competitive global markets. Furthermore, today's knowledge and service-oriented economy results in a dominating role for soft success factors, for intangible assets, and thus increases not only the dynamics on the macro level but also creates new challenges for companies internally: Company activities become more complex and internal dynamics also increase (Daum, 2002). Therefore, organisations have to change their practice and apply long-term strategic management in order to meet the intense competitive business environment.

Due to globalisation, variety of products and services are provided in global market. The strong Japanese focus on quality as a competitive factor, has led the本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。