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1)Major American Writers and their works

① Bejamin Franklin(1706-1790)本杰明.富兰克林: the only writer in the colonial period.  Works: Poor Richard'S Almanac , which is an annual collection of proverbs.
殖民地时期的作家。作品：《穷理查年鉴》，一本年度谚语集。

② Washington Irving(1803-1882) 华盛顿 欧文: A History of New Youk纽约外史; The Sketch Book最著名的作品为《见闻札记》，his most famous book, contians “Rip Van Winkle”《瑞普.凡.温克尔》and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”《睡谷的传说》

③Ralph Waldo Emerson(1803-1882) 爱默生：the leader of the movement of transcendentalism .超验 主义运动的领导者Works:Nature,（论自然） Self-reliance（论自助）, Representative Men（代表人物）, English Traits and Poems (英国人的性格和诗).

③ Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) 霍桑：The Scarlet Letter红字

⑤Mark Twain1835-1910）马克吐温: The Celebrated Jumping Frog(《著名的跳蛙》，成名之作) ；The Adventures of Tom Sawyer(a boy book)汤姆.索亚历险记; The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn(his master work)哈克贝利.芬历险记，则是他最杰出著作; Atramp Abroad浪迹海外, Life on the Mississippi密西西比河上, The Golded Age 镀金时代and Innocents Abroad异乡奇遇。

⑥Walt Whitman(1819-1892) 沃尔特. 惠特曼: the first to explore fully the possibilities of free verse （探索自由诗体可能性的第一人）.  Leaves of Grass(his masterpiece)草叶集, Emily Dickinson(1830-1886) 艾米丽. 狄更生:Death was one of the great themes of her work死亡是她作品的重要主题之一

⑦Theordor Dreiser(1871-1945)西奥多.德莱塞: the representative of naturalists in whose works reported truthfully and objectively the life in the slums.自然主义代表，在他们的作品里对贫民窟的生活进行了真实而客观的报道。 Works:Trilogy of Desire(欲望三部曲); An American Tragedy(美国的悲剧—被公认为最佳作品，which is considered to be his best)

⑧T.S Eliot(1888-1965);won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1946

⑨Emest hemingway(1899-1967)海明威; was awarded the Nobel Prize 诺贝尔文学奖for literature in 1954. A Farewell to Arms永别了，武器; For Whom the Bell Tolls(the two about the first and second world war); 丧钟为谁而鸣（关于一、二战的2篇小说）Old Man and the Sea(his representative book)老人与海（代表作）.

2)Harlem Renaissance(哈莱姆复兴) and black writing in American literature:

In the 1920s, Black Litrature developed into an upsurge which has come to be known as the Harlem Renaissace.20世纪20年代， 黑人文学蓬勃发展，后来被称为‘哈莱姆复兴’。Langston Hughes(1899-1967) 休斯 (masterpiece: The Weary Blues困倦的BLUES) and Richard Wright(1908-1960) 赖特（masterpiece: Native Son土生子） were the major figures of those Black writers.