geography.
2.2 Religion
Religion is a kind of phenomenon of cultures. Religious belief plays an important role in the activities of social communications. It puts great effects on the state of spirit and daily life. Religious belief is something in the spirit, and it can be transmitted generation by generation. According to historical records, the earliest Christian Church of English was built in 3.A.D. The religious belief of Britain is Christainity, which based on the belief that Christ was the son of God, and on his teaching. They are believed in God. “God bless” was frequently used to pray for the blessing of God. “For God’s sake” was used to ask for somebody’s help. There are many idioms about God. For example, God knows(我不知道), Man proposes, God disposes(谋事在人,成事在天),God preserve us!(神明保佑!) The mills of God grind slowly but they grind exceedingly small(天网恢恢,疏而不漏). I cite these to show the religious belief of English people. Now, I turn to talk about the religious belief of China. Chinese culture is deeply affected by Buddhism and Confucianism, among which the effect of Buddhism is the most outstanding one. Chinese idioms obviously reflect the influence of Buddhism. Buddhism in China can be traced back to the Han dynasty. In that time, people believe that Buddha can dictate the world. So many idioms about Buddha come out. Such as “借花献佛;临时抱佛脚”. These idioms reflected the religious culture of China. Religious belief is an important part of culture and it exists in our spirit life and social life of the human beings, which can be embodied in languages.
2.3 Customs and habits
There are many differences in Chinese tradition and British tradition. Human beings and animals’ live together everyday on earth. Thus the culture of pets gradually formed. Different nations have different ideas about pets. The culture of pets reflects the special national traits and customs. Both Chinese and British people like to keep the dog as a pet. The dog is a humble animal in Chinese, so the idioms related to dogs are always derogatory terms. For example:狼心狗肺;狗腿子;狗急跳墙. Although in China people are on the rise like to keep the dog as a pet. Most people still held the original view about dogs. On the contrary, in Britain, dogs are loyal and regarded as human beings’ friends; therefore, many idioms about dogs in Britain are called canine idioms, which are always not derogatory. They are often used to express a favor to dogs. For instance, love me, love my dog.(爱屋及乌), lucky dog(幸运的人), clever dog(聪明的小孩), every dog has his day(人人都有得意的日子). In Britain, people always say “put on the dog” when you try to show, or give the impression that you are rich or high class.
2.4 History
China and Britain are two great countries in the long history. Their rich cultures contain abundant historical stories. This kind of historical culture is formed by their own history development. Chinese and English are two different cultural systems. So they have different historical orbits. History culture includes allusion, traditional regulation, myths, poems, decrees, ancient books and records. I’ll take allusion as an example to show the differences between Britain and Chinese history as follow.
The idiom of “Achilles’ heel” is from Homer’s “Iliad” about Achilles who was a Greek hero. When he was young, his mother held his heel and soaked him in the water to make his heel the only place, which was not drenched in the water. The idiom means a vulnerable point or s
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