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izes on the manifestation of performativity. It refers to the practice of entertaining the audience by means of dancing, singing, or acting. There is no doubt that ethnopoetics and the English rendering of ethnic oral epics share a common basis for interpretation as the latter is a form of ethnopoetics and  ethnographic writing.

Ethnopoetics, an interdisciplinary interpretive framework, emerged in the United States in the 1970s, with an emphasis on the transcription and translation of oral poetry. It is aimed to reproduce the performativity of oral texts in textualization (Rothenberg & Tedlock 1970) . Ethnopoetics underscores the necessity of retaining the underlying features of oral tradition such as sound, rhythm, pause, expression, movement as much as possible and reproducing the oral characteristics, forms and scenes of performance in ethnographic writing. 

Chapter 6 Conclusion

6.1 Major Findings

The cosmographic translation theory of Mark Bender provides a new analytical framework for the study on the translation process of Yi oral epic, in which the translation process is divided into three steps: experience, cooperation, and reconstruction. This thesis obtains the following major findings taking The Nuosu Book of Origins as a case. 

To begin with, experience is the first step for the translation of Yi oral epic. It is well-known that comprehension is the premise of expression. However, since oral epic is a live epic, different form written literature, merely reading original texts and papers cannot meet the requirements of understanding the text features properly. Thus Bender must return to Yi’s real world after experience. Guided by the cosmographic translation theory, Bender adhered to the spirit of anthropology, and adopted ethnographic research methods that includes participant observation and depth interview. The former consists of close observation on facets of the local Nuosu material life and participation in the epic performance; the latter means interviewing the inheritor of The Nosu Book of Origins, and the ritual specialist Bimo.

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