摘要:这是一篇食品安全的形势的留学生assignment,本文回顾了印度2010年的粮食安全形势与前景。紧随其后的是对有助于粮食安全的五个关键因素的评估。然后讨论了在这种背景下的印度粮食政策和方针选择,之后基于三个指标使用经济研究服务 (ERS)食品安全评估模型,对印度当前的状况进行了评估:即现状的差距;营养差距;以及分配差距。
the social safety net and agriculture production programmes can ensure the availability and access to food.
Food security has three components: availability of food in the market, access to food through adequate purchasing power, and absorption of food in the body.
'However, even if the required quantities of macro and micro nutrients are met, a serious handicap in achieving nutrition security arises from poor sanitation and environmental hygiene and lack of clean drinking water,' added Athreya.
The study also highlights larger challenges of climate change and global food price rise.
Hunger hotspots
At the global level, the South Asian region is home to more chronically food insecure people than any other region in the world and India ranks 94th in the Global Hunger Index of 119 countries.
While famines and starvation deaths remain the popular representation of the contemporary problem of hunger, one of the most significant yet understated and perhaps less visible area of concern today is that of chronic or persistent food and nutrition insecurity.
This is a situation where people regularly subsist on a very minimal diet that has poor nutrient and calorific content as compared to medically prescribed norms.
This report uses seven indicators, which directly or indirectly affect the food security and nutritional status of a person. These are based on amount of calories consumed, access to safe drinking water and toilets, women and children who are anaemic.
On the composite index of food insecurity of rural India, states like Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh are found in the 'very high' level of food insecurity, followed by Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Gujarat.
The better performers include Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Karnataka, Orissa and Maharashtra perform poorly.
Even economically developed states like Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka find themselves in the category of high food insecurity - a reflection perhaps of the manifestation of the agrarian crisis in the states and its consequent negative impact on the health and well-being of the rural population.
'Nutrition security involving physical, economic and social access to balanced diet, clean drinking water, sanitation and primary health care for every child, woman and man is fundamental to giving all our citizens an opportunity for a healthy and productive life,' said Professor MS Swaminathan, Chairman, MSSRF.
Unless this aspect of food security is attended to with the involvement of local bodies, the food security situation in India will not show the desired improvement.
To address availability, access and sustainability concerns, the report calls for reorienting India's economic policies to provide adequate support for agriculture and its vast rural population. Also, appropriate attention should be paid to conservation of common property and biodiversity resources and rehabilitation of wastelands.
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