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本文是一篇英语文学论文题目，笔者认为艾米莉·狄金森是一位先知，一位富有诗意的先知。她对自己的时代和充满智力矛盾的世界的探索，对诗歌形式的重塑，以及她表演性的语用言语实践，预示着实用主义和新实用主义的到来。她的伟大作品体现了强大的美国性，这一点特别受到实用主义的启发和授权，同时警告美国实用主义对个人思想的压迫。

Chapter One Pragmatism

1.1 Classical Pragmatism

Major contributors to classical Pragmatism are Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey. Peirce is considered to be the founder of American Pragmatism, who, along with other Metaphysical Club members, fixed its direction, focusing mainly on theorizing inquiry and the nature of truth. He is also given credit for initiating the Pragmatist Maxim, which was ably popularized by James later though James put more energy into exploring truth in religion. After the first generation of pragmatists, Dewey significantly switched Pragmatism towards other fields like education and politics, followed by a list of pragmatists who engaged themselves in social Science, etc. 

In How to Make Our Ideas Clear (1878), Peirce puts forward an idea: that in an attempt to make clear the meaning of abstract concepts or hypotheses, one should “Consider what effects, which might conceivably have practical bearings, we conceive the object of our conception to have. Then, our conception of those effects is the whole of our conception of the object” (Peirce 293). In this way, a hypothesis should be clarified by its fruits or practical consequences it should bring if it is true. 
1.2 Neo-Pragmatism

The 1950s witnessed a dip in the popularity of Pragmatism as Dewey passed away. Decades later, some preeminent philosophers derived inspiration from the rich tradition of Classical Pragmatism and began exploring and examining its themes and ideas for their own purposes. Among them, Richard Rorty is the most high-profile neo-pragmatists, and his new ideas focusing on language systems also caused fierce controversies. 
Neo-Pragmatism abandons the explicit philosophical topic of experience. Rorty began his pre-pragmatist philosophical career as an eliminative materialist, and the perspective continues in Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature, strengthened recently by Sellarsian worries about the “myth of the given.” Rorty asserts on this premise that “Dewey should have abandoned the term ‘experience’ rather than redefining it... He should have agreed with Peirce that a large chasm separates sensation and cognition, [and] concluded that cognition is only conceivable for language users...” (Rorty 46) In contrast to classical Pragmatism, which focuses on experience, Rorty lays much emphasis on language. Thus, another critical perspective in Rorty’s Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature is that our experience is structured by the linguistic structure. “There is nothing beyond vocabularies which serves as a criterion of choice between them” (Rorty 80).

Chapter Two Pragmatism Manifested in Dickinson’s Poetry

2.1 Dickinson’s Attitude towards Religion

Dickinson was born into a Puritan family with a reputation for its piety and grew up in a town structured by religious beliefs. However, as she read and learned, she was increasingly exposed to science and some philosophical trend like Transcendentalism, where new bonds between God and man were advocated. Does God exist? What’s the relationshi本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。