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Pre-translation is a necessary step for every translator. According to Luo Xinzhang, “the translator shouldn’t start translating any work without reading the source text four to five times” (Luo Xinzhang, 2009:695). Only by determining the language style of the source text can the author formulate basic translation strategies, then the author arranges the time of initial translation, revision and proofreading. There are three steps of pre-translation.

2.1.1 Analysis of the Selected Chapters

Firstly, the author has read the source text for four times. In this way, the author can understand the gist and writing style of the source text. Reiss classifies the text types according to the different functions of language, mainly including “expressive text”, “informative text”, “operative text” and “audio-medial text”. This source text can be classified as an informative text, as the language in the text is official, rigorous and clear. Here are some examples: “A child is ‘in need’ where they are of ‘in need of care and attention’ because of a number of factors related to the child achieving or maintaining a reasonable standard of health or development; or where disability, of the child themselves or a member of their family, affects the child adversely” and “The Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014, placed an additional statutory duty on local authorities to consult with representatives of parents of children in need who are aged five or under and have not yet commenced attendance at a school, on their out of school care needs every two years. Parental involvement and engagement is an important priority for national government, local authorities and individual schools”. Such expressions are long and need carefully analyzing before the translator conducts the translation. It is an indispensable part to mark the words and sentences that may be difficult to translate, and then refer to the dictionary. For the most difficult part, the author asked team members, supervisor and mentor for help and advice.

2.2 While-translation

In the process of translation, the author encountered many unexpected difficulties, and the initial translation process was not smooth. First of all, there are many long and complex sentences in the source text, which are not easy to understand. More importantly, after sorting out the primary and secondary relations of sentences and starting to translate, the author found that some sentences in translation are not smooth in logical relations and inappropriate to read. Finally, there are proper nouns and terms in the source text, which have to be translated accurately.

After the initial translation is completed, it is the revision stage of the translation. Lu Siyuan(2018:15) holds that a thorough “understanding” and precise “expression” are the two major elements in translation. At this stage, the author has a basic understanding of the source text and can revise the unreasonable parts of the translation. The main problem of the initial translation is the understanding of the source text, while the issue of the revision focuses on the expressions, such as sentences with complex components and the processing of words.

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