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Chaiken 1980)One survey examined the effects of framed messages on influenza vaccination rates in grownup Medicare patients. (Detweiler 1999)
　　The new survey used gain - versus loss-framed messages to promote immunization for a fictional disease among college students. (Higgins 1997) Neither survey demonstrated a reward of one chassis over the new, although methodological limitations (e. g., reduced empirical command, consumption of a fictional disease) could partly account for the deficiency of findings. (Harper 2004)
　　There are, however, hypothetical reasons for expecting differential effects of gain- and loss-framed messages aimed at motivating vaccination conduct. Prospect hypothesis suggests that folk are mostly more ready to go risks when exposed to the unfavorable consequences that could ensue from a resolution but lean to be much danger averse when exposed to the constructive consequences.
　　Drawing on outlook hypothesis, Rothman and Salovey (1997) proposed that matching the chassis of a content to the character of health conduct being promoted can increase the persuasiveness of the content. This framework rests upon the assumption that the success of a framed content depends upon the extent to which the recommended conduct is perceived to affect danger. (Idson 2004)Because folk are comparatively available to taking risks when faced with prospective losses, loss-framed appeals should be more efficient than gain-framed appeals in promoting disease sensing behaviours (e. g. , mammography, HIV examination) - behaviours that can be viewed as dangerous because the examination could disclose a severe disease. (Kiene 2005)
　　In contrast, because folk lean to avert risks in the cheek of prospective gains, gain-framed appeals should be more efficient than loss-framed appeals in promoting preventative health behaviours (e. g. , exercising, using sunscreen)-behaviours typically viewed as involving negligible danger because their finish is to forbid disease. (Kahneman 1979)
　　An amount of observational studies back this abstract framework. Thus, because vaccination is a preventative health conduct that involves negligible danger, predictions derived from outlook hypothesis would indicate that a gain-framed content should head to greater approval of the HPV vaccine than should a loss-framed content. (Lee 2004)
　　Yet, there are too reasons for thinking that a loss-framed charm may be more productive than a gain-framed charm in fostering vaccine approval. (Maheswaran 1990)First, although vaccination is a preventative health conduct, it may be viewed as dangerous for concern that injecting an international content into the system could present original harms quite than offer security. (Maner in press) For instance, despite evidence to the different, some parents are unsure to vaccinate their children against measles - mumps - rubella (MMR) because they think that the MMR vaccine causes autism. (Mann & Sherman 2004)
　　Even the very act of receiving an injection could be seen as dangerous in the sense that it mostly involves some degree of pain and soreness. (McCaul 2002)Furthermore, beliefs that the vaccine might not be efficient in preventing HPV transmission could evoke upward notions of danger.
　　For these reasons, a loss-framed content may evoke greater stake in vaccination than a gain-framed content. Researchers have hypothesized that the comparative effectiveness of gain- as wel本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。