英语论文网

ge because, as he would admit himself, he has a tendency toward megalomania.
(全世界曾经把他渲染成魔术师般的人物,他也没有阻止人们制造这种错误印象,因为他自己也承认有一种自大狂的倾向。现在他不再像是这样一种人物了,这里有几个原因。)
这句英语以There句型为主句结构,用why, that(省略),which引导的三个定语从句和because, as引导两个状语从句及“an illusion which……”一个同谓语去修饰扩展,整个长句像一棵树,树干与枝条有机结合。这样一句英语译成汉语则变成了5个小句,并且语句的顺序发生了变化,汉语按动作的时间顺序排列,靠意义连接起来。
汉英句式结构有此鲜明的差异,就要求写作中注意从意合到形合的转换,把多个汉语句子表达的信息,通过各种修饰限制关系容纳到一个复杂的英语句子中,在思维定式上完成从结构疏散型到结构严密型的转换。只有这样才能写出符合英语表达习惯的句子来,否则写出来的英语往往是残缺句、溶合句、一连串单词句或连串句式雷同的复合句充斥全篇。例如:The teacher speaks slowly, his voice is loud, everyone in the classroom can hear clearly.这是个“溶合句”(Run-together sentence),三个简单句,用逗号断开,与汉语句式一模一样。应改为:The teacher speaks slowly and his voice is so loud that it can be heard clearly by everyone in the classroom.
中国古代哲学讲究“天人合一”,形成了以人为中心来思索一切事物的方法。受此影响,学生习惯用一定概念的人做主语,“I、we”等指人代词出现频率高,爱用“We think……”,“I estimate……”等等,少用“It can be argued that”,“It is estimated that”等句型结构。试比较下面这组句子:The teaching setup filled me with fear/I felt fear by the teaching setup.同样的意思,前一句的出发点是外界事物,客观幽默;而后一句出发点是说话者自身,主观色彩浓厚。汉式思维模式决定了中国学生很少能想到用前一种表达,出发点的差异实际上影响了整个句子的主观倾向。
3. 语篇方面
中国学生的汉式思维不仅影响到英语作文的句式结构,而且更明显的影响到语篇结构上。英语中的语篇联结手段相当丰富,有的用在句子层次,有的可用在语篇层次,有的则可用在不同层次。句与句之间、段与段之间缺乏连贯与衔接,信息的表达也经常是跳跃式,没有严密的逻辑关系,文中的主题之间缺乏有机的联系,没有明显的照应等,意义很难连贯。虽然很多学生的作文用词、语法都没有错误,意思也简单明了,但细读起来还是像中文作文,缺少语篇的连贯和语言的美感。请看下面这个段落:
But, everything has two sides. Indeed science and technology have bright us a lot of benefits. We are enjoying them, but we are also suffering from a lot of troubles: Water pollution, noise and greenhouse effect. For example, cars pollute the air, crowd