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words. Nouns usually end with suffixes like “-er”, “or”, “-ist” and “-tion” while adjectives ends often by adding “-ful”, “-less”, “-al” and “-y”. Concerning with the importance of conjunctions in English, there are a great many of transitional words in conversations and writings. Practically, westerners used to take emphasis on information that follows conjunctions, which is really a helpful way to understand the true meaning of a conversation or writing.
 3.2 Contrast of Sino-Western Thinking Patterns
 3.2.1 Chinese Comprehensive and Overall Thinking
 Chinese consider the subject as core of the whole universe according to their traditional comprehensive and overall thinking pattern. All the three most important philosophies of China, Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism take overall thinking seriously. Such as, 道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。（老子《道德经》）, 逝者如斯夫，不分昼夜。（孔子《论语》） and 一花一世界，一叶一菩提。（《严华经》） all believe the whole world can be reflected from small objects. And the representatives of those philosophies, Lao Zi, Confucius and Buddha are highly worshiped compared with those scientists who even actually made great contribution to the world. In this way, there will be no question why those celebrities in China remembered by people till now are always philosophers, poets and emperors rather than scientists. It might be explained why there is still no Chinese scientists who have ever won Nobel Price, either.
 Besides, on account of the overall that includes every part closely related to each other, people in China tend to learn each section after grabbing the whole situation. People can still find its reflection on Chinese people’s collectivism. They were told to consider everything from the benefit of group when they were children. So there will be no question why there were so many people that sacrificed thief lives to protect collective or even country’s property.
 When it comes to the characteristic of comprehensive thinking, Chinese always rely highly on metaphor, symbol, association and analogy to understand new things and elaborate questions, rather than some scientific ways. What’s more, the philosophy of overall thinking has a profound influence on Chinese literature, painting and architecture. The traditional Chinese Xiehouyu (歇后语)constantly prevent from saying the second part in real conversations as listeners themselves can learn the exact meaning that is omitted. E.g.哑巴吃黄连—有苦说不出, literally it indicates the mute who eats bitter herbs can not express his discomfort, but later extended to describe someone who find it hard to tell his suffering. In addition, Chinese traditional ink and wash paintings are considered to be abstract in westerners’ eyes. But rather than realism reflected in oil paintings, Chinese people have a preference for comprehensive thinking to enjoy the real meaning and intention of the artist.
 This kind of thinking pattern can also be seen in a relatively small community—family. Chinese people have the tradition of respecting the old and cherishing the young, thus the whole family will be united together and stay in harmony without contradiction. However, westerners will be hardly to do or even understand this Chinese-like thinking pattern.
 3.2.2 Westerners’ Rational and Individual Thinking
 The dominated philosophy in western history is rational and individual thinking. The key point is considered to be objectivity, absolute truth an本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。