摘要:本文首先介绍了鬼文化的定义及价值。鬼文化是人类活动的产物,也是人类社会文化的重要组成部分。其次介绍了中西方人对鬼的认知,展现中西方人的鬼文化观念差异。文学和民俗是文化诠释人类世界的手段。因此,本文在文化层面上从文学和民俗角度浅析中西鬼文化存在的差异;并在此基础上分析总结出中西鬼文化差异的原因。通过浅析中西鬼文化,了解中西方人价值观的差异,从而促进跨文化交际。
Xun Zi's view, always under the condition of jadedness. Hence ghost is a part of human's imagination (qtd. in徐赐成 52).
As for the ghost culture, as its literal meaning suggests, it refers to the part of the culture related to the ghost. Specifically speaking, ghost culture is a kind of illusory cultural phenomenon that derived from man's death, funeral, necromancy and cult. And ghost culture also refers to a union part of man's belief, opinion, mentality and action toward ghosts including its social influence (黄盛华and周启云1). So in a deeper sense, ghost culture is a kind of belief; it seems on the surface that refers to man's descriptions toward ghost definition, image, activity and species.
To sum up, ghost culture is created by human. It is a kind of culture that reflects man’s thoughts toward the dead world and mirrors the reality.
2.2 Value of ghost culture
Researches of ghost culture provide a good foundation for literature and folk-custom research. Ghost culture research can promote the development of literature and folk custom (徐华龙10). Throughout the
history, there is no lack of rigid art and literary works. However, they can be creative after injecting ghost elements. Thanks to ghost, many new art styles emerge such as Chinese ghost drama, Japanese ghost dance, ghost head portrait made by a French sculptor named Franz Xaver Messerschmit. All these new works of art are based on artist’s understanding of ghost culture. Namely, artistic innovation can not be made without the understanding of ghost culture.
Furthermore, ghost culture research can help people to look squarely at the foolish superstitions in folk customs. InChina, ghost superstitions are in vogue not only in feudal society but also in Republic of China period. Even today, many ignorant people are still obsessed by ghost superstitions. The government of Hai’an County, Jiangsu Province issued that citizens live in the county must be cremated after death since April 1st on March 5, 1993. As a result, about 40 old people committed suicide before April 1st only for having coffin to carry their dead bodies and buried in the ground. They believed that bury the remains could bring peace to them. If they were cremated, their body would be destroyed and could not continue their next life through reincarnation. And in western countries, superstitions also exist. A latest survey shows that 53% Americans admit they are a little bit superstitious and 25% Americans confess they believe in superstitions. Superstitions are also prevailing in British society. 80% British will habitually knock wood in order to avoid misfortune. Ghost superstitions cause negative social phenomenon. Revealing these foolish superstitions through ghost culture research, we can turn negative to positive. Furthermore, ghost culture research can help people to look squarely at the foolish superstitions in folk customs. InChina, ghost superstitions are in vogue not only in feudal society but also in Republic of China period. Even today, many ignorant people are still obsessed by ghost superstitions. The government of Hai’an County, Jiangsu Province issued that citizens live in the county must be cremated after death since April 1st on March 5, 1993. As a result, about 40 old people committed suicide before April 1st only for having coffin to carry their dead bodies and buried in the ground. They believed that bur
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