A Study on China’s Process of Marketization [2]
论文作者:佚名论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-04-14编辑:黄丽樱点击率:8028
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关键词:studyChinaprocessmarketizationbusiness
in an upward movement (see table 2). This is another indication that the degree of China''s marketization has been rising since the beginning of reform and its achievements in the market-oriented economic restructuring have been recognized in the world.
Table 2 China''s Ranking in the International Comparison of Economic Liberalization
1980 1985 1990 1995 1998 1999
Economic Liberalization Index Ranking 77 100 114
Total 101 161 155
Economic Liberalization of the World Ranking 101 82 101 91 81
Total 107 111 115 122 123
Data source: See bibliography
Fifth, China has not completed the process of marketization. In the future, the process of marketization in the sense of reform is likely to be basically completed in 2010. Realizing the marketization in the sense of modernization is still a long and arduous task.
III. Specific Analyses
(1) Marketization of the exchange of general commodities
Mark pricing of commodities is a key to the marketization of the exchange of general commodities. In 1979, state pricing accounted for about 97 percent of the total commodity retail sales, 92.6 percent of the total purchase of farm and sideline products and 100 percent of the total industrial production factors sales. Correspondingly, market pricing respectively accounted for 3 percent, 7.4 percent and 0 percent. We can see that commodity prices were set at that time according to a typical planned pricing mechanism. Therefore, the degree of marketization was very low. By the year of 1990, market pricing accounted for 53.0 percent, 51.6 percent and 36.4 percent of the total commodity retail sales, the total purchase of farm and sideline products and the total production factors sales. After the goals for a socialist market economy were set in 1992, price setting was liberalized at an accelerated rate. The above indexes rose rapidly to 93.2 percent, 81.8 percent and 73.8 percent respectively. Later on, market pricing continued to assume growing proportions. In July 2001, the central government decided to further liberalize the setting of commodity and service prices, limiting government pricing to only 13 categories from 141 categories in 1992. It was estimated that after this price liberalization, market pricing would account for more than 90 percent of the purchase and circulation of farm products and production factors. At present, with the exception of a few important commodities vital to the national economy and people''s livelihood, a few products characterized by resource monopoly and some services, the prices of all the rest have been liberalized and regulated independently by market. This is an indication that a pricing mechanism based on market regulation is already in place.
In view of the above changes in pricing and in reference to the proportion of the participation by non-state-owned economy and other indicators, China''s marketization of the exchange of general commodities has reached a very high level (see table 3). Based on the above achievem
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