关于什么是爱因斯坦的等效原理 [6]
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关键词:general theoryimportanceEinstein’s equivalence principlechallengedunderstanding
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where k is a constant. However, this is not the only connection with quantum theory. For instance, Bohr [16] has to consider that the theory of general relativity is a justification for his uncertainty principle in quantum theory.
In the above, the formula for gravitational red shifts is derived from the equivalence principle alone with the Newtonian scalar theory as a first order approximation. This derivation has put Einstein’s equivalence principle firmly in the ground of universality of physics. The effect of a curved space on the calculation of gravitational red shifts is of the second order. However, it is this inadequacy, as found later [17], that causes the deficiency on the calculated bending of light rays. The derivation of the Maxwell-Newton Approximation has removed any remaining doubt on validity of Einstein’s equivalence principle [17,21]. Also, as expected, the gravitational red shifts has been confirmed later both theoretically [1] and experimentally [4].
4. The Principle of General Relativity, Einstein’s Equivalence Principle, and Covariance
Because there is an inherent epistemological defect for preferring the inertial system, Einstein was not entirely happy with special relativity. Einstein believes, “The law of physics must be of such a nature that they apply to systems of reference in any kind of motion (principle of general relativity).” Along this road, he arrived an extension of the postulate of relativity. In his opinion, this is favored by his previous work on the equivalence of a uniformly accelerated frame of reference K’ and uniform gravity. From the viewpoint of the principle of general relativity, Einstein’s principle of equivalence is really the equivalence of the effects of an accelerated frame to a related uniform gravity whereas others incorrectly perceived that any gravity is equivalent to a uniformly accelerated frame. For instance, Synge [10] professed his misunderstandings as follows:
“…I have never been able to understand this principle…Does it mean that the effects of a gravitational field are indistinguishable from the effects of an observer’s acceleration? If so, it is false. In Einstein’s theory, either there is a gravitational field or there is none, according as the Riemann tensor does or does not vanish. This is an absolute property; it has nothing to do with any observer’s worldline…The Principle of Equivalence performed the essential office of midwife at the birth of general relativity…I suggest that the midwife be now buried with appropriate honours and the facts of absolute spacetime be faced.”
Einstein [9] believes, “what characterizes the existence of a gravitational field, from the empirical standpoint, is the non-vanishing of the Glik (field strength), not the non-vanishing of the Riklm.” In Einstein’s view, no gravity is a special case of gravity. This is evident since the effects of a uniformly rotating cannot be equivalent to the effects of a linear acceleration.
In pursuing the general theory of relativity, according to the equivalence principle, Einstein is able to “produce” a gravitational field merely by changing the system of coordinates. Then, he was able to conclude that the geodesic equation is an equation of motion for gravity. It thus, follows that the space-time in reality has a Riemannian geometry instead of Euclidean geometry. Thus, Einstein’s principle of general relativity means that gravitation fundame
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