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d reproduce more labour. "The specific economic form, in which unpaid surplus [value] is pumped out of direct producers, determines the relationship of rulers and ruled, as it grows directly out of production itself and, in turn, reacts upon it as a determining element". (Marx 1972:791) Footnotes. Notes to section 1. 1. The term 'object' (Baudrillard often uses the term 'crystal' which I find ambiguous) will, for the purposes of this paper, be used to describe people and places as well as material objects such as tables, chairs, or cars e.t.c.. The rationale behind this is that discourses can create people and places. For example discourses created O.J. Simpson during his trial and they continue to create tourist hotspots such as Waikiki, they create an experience of what that person or place is in relation to the observer. That is to say that the observer-tourist sees Waikiki as exotic, primitive, and sunny, an object full of other objects, such as hula girls and leis, which are, for the observer-tourist, Waikiki. 2. It is bogus to the extent that it is a representation-simulation of some underlying reality which we believe to exist below the level of simulation ie. it is a discourse about...... The object may have a material presence but it is not this that concerns us, what concerns us is what the object appears to be, what it symbolises. However, if something is real in it's effects then it is real enough. Notes to section 2. 1. See Nicos Mouzelis for an in depth exploration of the relationship between modernity and postmodernity. His text 'Sociological Theory: What Went Wrong?' is a good introduction to this debate. Alex Callinicos also looks at this debate in 'Against Postmodernism' and gives a lucid critical account of postmodernist thought. 2. Baudrillard is particularly interested in theme parks and focuses on Disneyworld in the U.S.. In the UK. we can find parallels such as The American Adventure in Heanor and Camelot near Preston which draw on various cultures (the American Cowboy culture and era, and the culture and era of Arthurian legend). 3. This concept has been condensed for the purposes of the paper. Woolgars book provides a more complex explanation of reflexivity. 4. A point which Baudrillard makes explicitly clear in 'Simulations'. Everything in our life is, for Baudrillard, a re-working of some imagined original via the manipulation of the texts contained in discourse. 5. The film 'Breaking Glass' starring Hazel O'Connor provides a good example of this process for it charts the rise of a band from obscurity to popular acclaim. The process of production of a song and construction of an image is shown in graphic detail. Notes to section 3. 1. Marx argued that the environment with which humanity interacts to produce culture is that of nature and uses the concept of species-being to explain this. In addition Marx would not use the term 'culture', for him there is only the experience of forced labour within a proscriptive structure. 2. Again this is at odds with structural explanations. Marx sees consumption and commodity fetishism as the result of alienation due to the way in which capitalism produces material. There will be a discussion of this point in a later chapter. 3. The term 'prestation' refers to a feeling of obligation due to an irrational code of social behaviour which places an individual within a certain category. I believe that Baudrillard would agree with me when I suggest that this