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,又是必不可少的。如果将“装货须在4月1日至5月1日期间完成”英译成“Shipment is to be effected during the period beginning on April 1and ending on May 1”,我们就不清楚这个装货期限是否包括4月1日至5月1日这两天。根据汉语原意,为明确起见,译文就应增补“both dates inclusive”。
在“售购合同”里,常会有程式化的句子,如:
例7.买卖双方同意按下列条款由买方购进,由卖方出售下述商品,并签订本合同。
译文:This contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller, where by the Buyer agrees to buy and the seller agrees to sell the under mentioned commodity according to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
“合同”的订立,英语同时使用了“by”和“between”两个介词,这也是英语合同语言严谨的一个表现,表示该“合同”是由双方之间执行,不涉及任何第三方。再者,如果泛指“条款”,译文不能漏掉“conditions”,因为某个合同条款的达成经常包括若干条件。我们常会看到and/or这样的结构,这种结构的运用,也是行文严谨的表现,翻译时应特别注意不要漏译。
例8.Advance freight and/or freight payable at destination shall be paid to the carrier, in full, irrespective of whatever damage or loss may happen to ship and cargo or either of them.(预付运费和到付运费,或其中之一遭受任何损坏或丢失,都应毫不例外地全额付给承运人。)

 

3. 推敲词义,准确措辞。
法律条文,往往涉及到某项业务双方的权利和义务,弄不好会发生纠纷,因此,其译文质量如何与措辞是否准确有极大的关系。措辞要求最为严格的,算是涉外合同的翻译了。[5]为维护法律的尊严,一词一语都应无懈可击。准确,对于法律文字(指书面语言)来说具有特殊的重要意义。
Henry Weihofen曾经指出:“The lawyer must be more presice in his writing than almost everyone else. Most writers can expect their work to be read in good faith, that is, with an honest desire to understand what was meant. But the lawyer must write in consistant fear of what we might call the reader in bad faith, the man looking for loopholes in the contract so as to avoid liability for his failure to per-form, the disappointed heir who wants the will read in a way that would defeat the testator’s intention, the criminal defendant who wants the statute interpreted so as not to cover his act and all the others who will want to twist the meaning or words for their own ends.”
对于其严谨性的特点下面从三个方面进一步加以论述:
一是注意and/or的译法。为使行文严谨、准确,合同文字常常使用and/or这一结构.and/or 是一种连接并列结构的省略形式,其具体意思是“A and B+A or B”。翻译的常见错误是漏译其中的一部分。这种特殊结构根据不同的上下文,可有多种译法,如:
例9.The aforesaid certificate shall be conclusive evidence against the shipper, receiver and/or any holder of the Bill of Lading.(上述证明书对托运人,收货人和(或)任何本提单持有人都是决定性反证。)
二是注意单复数形式。由汉语译成英语时必须充分理解汉语的用意然后决定其单复数形式。如有这样的一条法规:“外国经营者如果有意用落后的技术和设备进行欺骗,造成损失的,应赔偿损失。”译成英语时须考虑到“损失”这个词翻译成兼指单复数的形式:loss(es)。
三是注意时间表示法。时间表达要求十分严格,丝毫不能含糊。为了使时间不致歧义,英语中常常同时使本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。