英语论文网

R>　　 newborn/nju:5bC:n, 5nju:bC:n/n新生儿
　　 delivery/di5livEri/n．分娩，生产
　　 dose/dEus/n．(一次)剂量，一剂
　　 render/5rendE/vt．使得，致使
　　 comeback/5kQmbAk/n.东山再起；还原；补偿
　　 subside/sEb5said/v．平息；减退
　　 detectable/dI`tektEbl/adj．可查明的；可找出的
　　 positive/5pCzEtiv/adj．阳性的
　　 adolescent/7AdEu5lesnt/adj．青年期的，青春的，2：青少年(12或13至20岁)
　　 maternal/mE5tE:nl/adj．母亲的
　　 restlict//v.限制
　　 pregnant/5pre^nEnt/adj．怀孕的
　　 childbirth/5tFaIldb\:W/v．生孩子，分娩
　　 therapy/5WerEpi/n.疗法，治疗
　　 preventive/pri5ventiv/adj.预防的
　　 diminish/di5miniF/v．减少，缩小
　　注释：
　　 1．drug resistance：抗药性
　　 2．AIDS(acquired imnmnodeficiency syndrome)：获得性免疫缺损综合征，艾滋病
　　 3．nevirapine(NVP)：奈韦拉平。一种阻断HIV母婴传播的新药。其品牌名为Viramune。
　　 4．HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)：人体免疫缺损病毒
　　 5．call for：要求；提倡；号召
　　 6．The further out you get from that exposure to single dose nevirapine，the less detectable nevirapine resistance is…：你服用一剂nevirapine之后，时间越长越不易发现(HIV)对 nevirapine的抗药性……get out from：从……离开，从……出发(在本句中如直译就是：从……走出去，走得越远就越……)。exposuret。：暴露；接触(在本句中如直译就是：接触一剂nevirapine)。
　　 7．Harvard School of Public Health inBoston：波士顿哈佛公共卫生学院
　　 8．response的原意是“反应。应答”，但在医学文献中常用来指“疗效”，此处treatment response就更加明显。
　　 9．New England Journal of Medicine：《新英格兰医药杂志》。New England是美国东北部 Maine，Vermont，New Hampshire，Massachusetts，Rhode Island和Connecticut六州的总称。
　　 10．U．S．National Institute of Child Health and Human Development(NICHHD)：美国国立儿童健康与人类发展研究所
　　 11．World Health Organization(WHO)：世界卫生组织
　　 12．now that：既然，因为练习：
　　 1. What effect does nevirapine have?
　　 A It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic and kills all kinds of bacteria.
　　 B It is an antiviral preparation and kills all kinds of viruses.
　　 C It prevents the transmission of the AIDS virus and protects one from heart attack.
　　 D It may prevent passing HIV infection from mothers on to their newborns during delivery.
　　 2. Why does HIV resistance against nevirapine build very quickly even when the drug is used alone just once?
　　 A Because the drug is not strong enough to kill all of the HIV in the body.
　　 B Because there may not be a susceptibility test before using the drug.
　　 C Because other drugs are not present to kill the virus particles that survive nevirapine.
　　 D Because there are too many mutations of HIV for nevirapine to deal with.
　　 3. When may a woman start her nevirapine-based treatment if she gets the single dose of nevirapine at delivery ?
　　 A She may start nevirapine-based treatment soon after her delivery.
　　 B She may start nevirapine-based treatment within six months after her delivery.
　　 C She has to wait at least six months after that nevirapine exposure.
　　 D She may wait several years so as to achieve the best effect.
　　 4. We may learn from this passage that HIV resistance against nevirapine
　　 A lasts only for about a half year and fades quickly.
　　 B will last forever in a woman who took nevirapine.
　　 C is a terrible drug that must be banned at once.
　　 D is a problem too difficult to be solved.
　　 5. Generally speaking, the author's attitude towards the use of nevirapine is
　　 A negative
　　 B positive
　　 C uncertain
　　 D doubtful
　　答案与题解：
　　 1．D 第一段第一句及第二段第二句均提到nevirapine可以防止母亲在分娩时将HIV病毒传染给新生儿的问题，故D项是正确答案。
　　 2．C 第三段第一句说，即使单独使用nevirapine一次，HIV病毒也会很快产生对nevirapine的抗药性，原因就是没有其他药物可以杀死nevirapine还没有杀死的病毒颗粒，这正是C项的内容。
　　 3．C 第四段第二句说到，等待的时间最短可到六个月，第五段第一句又说，最少等待六个月的妇女，她们以nevirapine为主的药物综合治疗的疗效要比等待不足六个月的妇女高70％，可见C