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R>the information, and the database name or web address (URL).
2. Insert the citation at the appropriate place within the text of the document (see examples below).
3. Provide a reference list at the end of the document (see examples below).
In-Text Citations
Use the name of the author, followed by the year of publication when citing references within the text of
an assignment. Where authors of different references have the same family name, include the author’s initials in the in-text citation i.e. (Hamilton, C. L., 1994) or C. L. Hamilton (1994). If two or more authors are
cited at the same point in the text then they are included in the same in-text citation, separated by a semicolon
e.g. (Brown 1991; Smith 2003). They are presented alphabetically by author. When directly quoting from
another source, the relevant page number must be given and double quotation marks placed around the quote.
When paraphrasing or referring to an idea from another source which is a book or lengthy text, include the
relevant page number, as it is useful to provide a page number for the reader.
How to Create a Reference List
A reference list only includes books, articles etc that are cited in the text. In contrast, a bibliography is a list of
relevant sources for background or for further reading.
The reference list is arranged alphabetically by author. Where an item has no author it is cited by its title, and
ordered in the reference list or bibliography alphabetically by the first significant word of the title.
The APA style requires the second and subsequent lines of the reference to be indented, as shown in the
examples below, to highlight the alphabetical order.

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