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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-07-28编辑:felicia点击率:17393
论文字数:8166论文编号:org201407272057349633语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:伊斯兰银行会计理论贸易发展Islamic banksprofit-and- loss-distribution
摘要:本文是一篇会计学留学论文。随着经济的不断发展,伊斯兰银行业的会计理论已经发生冥想的改变,伊斯兰会计理论的实践主要集中在整个中世纪伊斯兰国家,明显体现在贸易发展和商业活动中。本文主要分析伊斯兰教会计理论的特点,进而分析伊斯兰会计理论的发展。
The concept of profit-and-loss sharing, as a basis of financial transactions is a progressive one as it distinguishes good performance from the bad and minimize the players in the market to be the people who know how to invest and when they inter the market to catch the goal.
The main goals of an Islamic Banking and Financial system are to:
Implement the value system of the Qur'an and the Sunnah (tradition or practice of Prophet MuhammadSAW) in the realm of the Muslim socio-economic system. Ibn Taymiyahr.a. (n.d.), a distinguished scholar of Islam, explicates this as follows: “In mu'amalat (business transactions) all activities are permissible unless forbidden by revelation (Qur'an) or the practice of Prophet Muhammad SAW”. The examples of prohibited business activities would include dealing in gambling, liquor, pork etc. The financial contracts of Islamic banks need to be clearly documented, equitable and avoid the elements of Riba, Gharar and Maysir as explained in the following section.
Foster the growth of the economy of Muslim nations by developing financial markets, institutions and instruments. A well-developed capital market, with efficient institutions offering diverse financial facilities, can reduce the overall cost of capital. It can enhance social welfare by facilitating the acceptance of projects whose; present value of all relevant cash in-flows (benefits) after tax is greater than the present value of all cash out-flows (cost) of the project; or the expected internal rate of return is greater than a minimum threshold rate (or cost of capital). Furthermore, these necessary conditions should also be satisfied for each party financing the project to alleviate agency effects. This entails economic development, which is promoted in Islam, as Prophet Muhammad SAW exhorted Muslims to undertake business ventures (tijarah) as described in the following hadith Nu'aym ibn Abd Al-Rahman has quoted the (narration). ProphetSAW as saying: “Nine tenths of earnings (Rizq) is in bai' (business ventures), and tenth in cattle”. This was reported by Ibrahim Al-Harbi (Al-'Iraqi, 1992) and by Sa'id ibn Mansur (Al-Suyuti, 1990).
Dampen the shocks of extreme economic output by promoting risk-sharing instruments whose payoffs are strictly contingent on the profitability of a firm or project at a micro level. Financial facilities with fixed costs can severely strain the resources of borrowers during a slowdown, which lead to bankruptcies and structural impairment of the economy. The gist of Islamic financial securitization is summarized by the following well-known hadith quoted by Kahf and Khan (1992), “Al-kharaj bi al daman.” This implies that entitlement of return from assets vests in the one bearing the risk of it.
2.1 CONVENTIONAL BANKING
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