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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-08-05编辑:felicia点击率:10855
论文字数:5012论文编号:org201408030958322117语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:全球金融危机流动性global financial crisisliquidity crisisfinancial markets
摘要:本文是一篇经济学留学论文。资本主义经济的发展不可避免地会带来经济危机,始于2007年的经济危机造成了美国金融市场的波动,美国投资者对证券化抵押贷款的价值丧失了大量的信心,导致流动性危机,全球经济危机的持续加深,致使全球股市崩溃,进入了一段高波动性的时期,在接下来的几周内,达到了几乎难以遏制的地步。本文简要分析了美国经济危机的特点和影响,进而了解窥探全球经济的发展。
前言
2008 - 2009年的全球金融危机开始于2007年7月,美国投资者对证券化抵押贷款的价值丧失了大量的信心,导致流动性危机,进而促使美国联邦储备理事会(美联储)、英国央行(Bank of England)和欧洲央行(ecb)向金融市场注入大量资金,。2008年9月,全球经济危机持续加深,全球股市崩溃,进入了一段高波动性的时期,在接下来的几周内,涉及到相当数量的银行,抵押贷款和保险公司。
范围
美国的房地产的危机、银行和信贷在全球极具影响力,影响全球金融和经济活动及相关的经济机构,包括:
金融机构整体信贷紧缩使企业和消费者信贷更难;
金融市场(股票交易和衍生品市场)经历了大幅下降;
股票基金和对冲基金的流动性问题;
支撑保险合同和养老基金资产的贬值导致社会的担忧,怀疑这些器械是否能够满足未来的义务:
增加的公共债务公共财政将提供公共资金,进而影响金融服务行业和其他行业
贬值的货币(冰岛克朗,一些东欧和拉丁美洲)增加了汇率波动
背景
Introduction:
The global financial crisis of 2008-2009 began in July 2007 when a loss of confidence by investors in the value of securitized mortgages in the United States resulted in a liquidity crisis that prompted a substantial injection of capital into financial markets by the United States Federal Reserve, Bank of England and the European Central Bank. In September 2008, the crisis deepened, as stock markets worldwide crashed and entered a period of high volatility, and a considerable number of banks, mortgage lenders and insurance companies failed in the following weeks.
Scope
The crisis in real estate, banking and credit in the United States had a global reach, affecting a wide range of financial and economic activities and institutions, including the:
Overall tightening of credit with financial institutions making both corporate and consumer credit harder to get;
Financial markets (stock exchanges and derivative markets) that experienced steep declines;
Liquidity problems in equity funds and hedge funds;
Devaluation of the assets underpinning insurance contracts and pension funds leading to concerns about the ability of these instruments to meet future obligations:
Increased public debt public finance due to the provision of public funds to the financial services industry and other affected industries,
Devaluation of some currencies (Icelandic crown, some Eastern Europe and Latin America currencies) and increased currency volatility,
Background
In the years leading up to the crisis, high consumption and low savings rates in the U.S. contributed to significant amounts of foreign money flowing into the U.S. from fast-growing economies in Asia and oil-producing countries. This inflow of funds combined with low U.S. interest rates from 2002-2004 resulted in easy credit conditions, which fueled both housing and credit bubbles. Loans of various types (e.g., mortgage, credit card, and auto) were easy to obtain and consumers assumed an unprecedented debt load. As part of the housing and credit booms, the amount of financial agreements called mortgage-backed securities (MBS), which derive their value from mortgage payments and housing prices, greatly increased. Such financial innovation enabled institutions and investors around the world to invest in the U.S. housing market. As housing prices declined, major global financial institutions that had borrowed and invested heavily in subprime MBS reported significant losses. Defaults and losses on other l本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。