mmittee and the Prize Laureates in different stage, we can understand the previaling norms in that particular moment and its mechanism.
The Laureates in the 'Pacifist Period' mainly promote war(s) abolish or establish peaceful means to resolve international disputes. Numerous of new norms emerged in this period, like international arbitration, war abolish and else.
In the 'Statesman Period' (1917-1938), new norms also emerged such as human rights. Norm cascades occurred in the sense that some of the Laureates are key statesmen involved in international law and institutions directly, such as the award to the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1917.
During the 'Human Rights Period' (1960-1986), it is believe that human rights is indispensable with peace. As the committee Chairman Egil Aarvik at that time said, 'Today we realize that peace cannot be established without a full respect for freedom.' There is no real peace when the enforcement of status quo involves the suppression of individual freedoms, whether internationally or within a state. The award to Albert Lutuli who promotes racial equality in 1960 is an example. Just when international human rights crystallized, the international human rights law came out in that period. Lastly, the 'Democracy Period' (since 1987) recognizing democracy to be indispensable with international peace and security.
From the above different stages, we realize norms keep changing from time to time, which had more or less reflected by the selection criteria of Committee and the Nobel Peace Prize Laureatus. From the norm emerge to norm acceptance and norm internalization, different norm entrepreneur plays a part in this mechanism.
The following will try to take China's attitude towards human rights for further illustration, and examine the disputes between China and the western world over the norms of human rights.
Chinese government's attitude towards the norm of Human Rights
China's human right condition had always contested by liberal democries, International NGOs, human rights activist, etc. The discussion of human rights has long been classified as political sensitive issue in China. Opinions related to or promoting basic human rights are usually defined as overthrowing the socialist system and even state security, which means agaist the Chinese Government.
LIU Xiaobo, the Nobel Peace Prize Leaurate in 2010. He is one of the strike leaders in the 1989 Tiananmen protests. He is also the leading author of Charter 08, which was published on 10th December 2008, the 60th anniversary of the United Nations' Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
The Charter 08 is a declaration call for increased China's basic human rights including freedom of speech, of assembly, of expression, of religion, of press, etc. which was lays down in China's
constitution Article 35, but curtailed distinctly in reality. The year after the release of Charter 08, Liu was senenced to eleven years imprisonment and two years deprived of all political rights for 'inciting subversion of state power' in his motherland.
The Prize award to Liu represented the international community's support for China's pro-democracy movement. The UN chief said that the award to Liu had recognized a growing international concensu of improving human rights practices and culture in the world. This award also reminds u本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。