英语论文网

Kolb theorized the patterns of experiential learning are within a four stage learning cycle, which includes concrete experience, observation and reflection, formation of abstract and testing in new situations. There has been a contention over where the process of learning begins. While Kolb and Fry posited that learning could begin from anywhere in the above theorized four elements of the learning cycle, others have posited that learning begins through a particular action and seeing the effects of the action in the situation in which the action was carried out. Thus, it was possible to learn what would be expected from the action, if it was repeated at those particular situations, and this generalizing may allow the grouping of similar events that have similar learning experiences.

However, a range of circumstances would be involved to figure out a connection between the actions and the associated effects. Individuals would understand the general principle that underlies the particular instance. The above model focuses on primary experience in experiential learning. Current literature has been accused of mainly focusing on primary experience in experiential learning theory and neglecting secondary experience. Weil and McGill categorized experiential learning in four 'villages' (1989). These include the focus on life and work experience to assess and accredit learning, realizing change in structures through experiential learning, focus on raising group consciousness through experiential learning, and personal growth and self-awareness. These four 'villages' concern primary experience. Linguistic communication is a channel through which indirect or secondary experience can be attained.

Kolb theorized that individuals would act in new circumstances to apply the general principle and this application of the action was supposed to be within the range of generalization. According to Kolb, feedback from the experiences would be used to change practices and theories whereas ideas would be tested by concrete experiences gained from time to time (Kolb 1984: 21-22). The importance of feedback in the learning process is important to ensure that learning has taken place. Therefore, the theory by Kolb has a link with Piaget's cognitive development. Kolb and Fry identified four basic learning styles after developing a learning style inventory (Kolb, 1976). The inventory would categorize people in either concrete experience and abstract conceptualization, or active experimentation and reflective observation.

The learning styles formulized by the above theorists are converger, diverger, assimilator and accommodator. The converger would carry the characteristics of abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. Convergers would be persons of narrow interests, strong to apply the ideas practically, unemotional, and would have a hypo-deductive reasoning on specific problems. The diverger would assume the characteristics of concrete experience and reflective observation, and would be able to have a strong imagination. In addition to having broad cultural interests, these individuals have the ability to see things at different perspectives, and a本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。