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shed in 1986, and revised in 1995.As the Relevance Theory claims, the addresser is supposed to make an ostensivestimulus to the addressee and likewise, the addressee is expected to infer the interpretation ofthe stimulus for a good interpretation of the utterance. As a result, many linguists name such atheory as “Ostensive-Inferential Theory”.[4]And two models of verbal communicationinvolved--- the Inferential Model and the Code Model are of a necessity to give a review inthe following part.In Inferential Model, as they claim, communication is an activity demanding in bothimagination and inference of the communicative parties instead of a mechanical process. Andcommunication is the course that the communicator provides the evidence of what he /sheintends to convey, while according to the evidence the hearer works out the intention of thecommunicator taking into account the shared knowledge (shared context).
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2.2 The Adaptation Theory
After reviewing the first theory---relevance theory, let us focus on the second one.Originally, the Belgian pragmatic scientist, Jef Verschueren proposed the adaptation theory,which was inspired by Darwin’s Evolutionary Epistemology, especially from his NaturalSelection Paradigm. In 1980s, scholars agreed to establish the International PragmaticsAssociation. Upon the establishment of the important organization, there came into being anew pragmatic theory---the Adaptation Theory. From then on, great efforts have been made tomodify or supplement the previous research and version. Nevertheless, the theory was farfrom satisfactory to all until the late 1990s when Understanding Pragmatics was publishedthe theory began to be mature. The theory shares many claims and rules and an important one is that verbal interactionof human kind is not a pure linguistic activity only demanding linguistic skills but a socialbehavior engaging a close relationship with cognition, psychological situation or mind,society and culture in people’s lives. Thus, some scholars specify the scientific study oflanguage use that is pragmatics which, as Verschueren puts, is to study “linguistic phenomenataking all factors into consideration such as general cognitive ability, social elements, andcultural differences in relation to the forms of speech act.”[7]According to the theory,adaptation is in the core a dimension of human life indicating the state of keeping subsistenceand meanwhile gaining the dynamic balance with our mother nature. And “verbal interactionis a process of adaptation to the surroundings as well. People, in most cases, make negotiablelinguistic choices within a variable range of possibilities so as to approach the finalsatisfaction for communicative needs.”[8](Verschueren, 2000).Necessarily, as a pragmatictheory, the adaptation theory claims that communicating process can actually be a process ofmaking linguistic choices.
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Chapter Three the Analysis of Generation of Intentional Ambiguity....... 25
3.1 The Process of Relevance-orientation of Addresser ........ 25
3.2 The Addresser’s Presumption of Relevance with Context..... 27
3.2.1 Situational Context...... 28
3.2.2 Background Context.... 29
3.3 The Conscious Process of Making Choices ......... 29
3.4 Summary ........ 34
Chapter Four The Analysis of Interpretation of Intentional Ambiguity........ 35
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