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ER READING................................................................................................................................. 15
6. REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 15
7. USEFUL WEBSITES FOR TESTS AND/OR RESOURCES MENTIONED IN THIS UNIT ......................................... 16
PART 2 VALIDITY ................................................................................................................................. 17
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 17
1.1 Defining Validity – What is it? ...................................................................................................... 17
2. ASPECTS OF VALIDITY AND HOW THEY CAN BE ESTABLISHED ............................................................... 17
2.1 Content Validity ............................................................................................................................. 17
2.2 Criterion-related Validity .............................................................................................................. 18
3.3 Construct Validity .......................................................................................................................... 19
4.4 Face Validity................................................................................................................................. 21
3. RECENT VIEWS OF TEST VALIDITY ....................................................................................................... 22
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4. OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORKS FOR TEST VALIDATION ........................................................................... 25
4.1 Evidence Centred Design (ECD): Mislevy .................................................................................... 26
4.2 Test Validation Frameworks (Weir) .............................................................................................. 29
5 RELIABILITY .......................................................................................................................................... 43
5.1. Stability .......................................................................................................................................... 44
5.2. INTERNAL CONSISTENCY ...................................................................................................................... 44
5.3. Equivalence ................................................................................................................................... 45
5.4. Intra-rater reliability ...................................................................................................................... 46
5.5. Inter-rater reliability ...................................................................................................................... 47
5.6. Problems associated with the calculation of test reliability ........................................................... 47
6. FOLLOW-UP READINGS ........................................................................................................................... 49
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