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情景创设的背景 高中英语教材的对话部分包括两个部分，一是language structure,二是language function。为了适应现代英语教学和社会的需要，语言结构也不只是“语法教学”，教师在处理语法时，也常精心准备若干句子，语段或小对话，在课堂设置一定的语境，然后指导学生去归纳总结，使“语法教学”为研究性学习服务。毋庸置疑，language function更应体现其“交际性”与“应用性”。现行教材中所用的对话大都是篇幅较短、浅显易懂的。我们的教学目标就是通过让学生学习语言功能，学会在日常生活中应用。因此需要教师在教学过程中创设好情景，并在情景创设中，坚持“学生自主，环境开放，注重实践，鼓励创新”，通过探究情景教学，化枯燥乏味为生动活泼，将单一的句型操练变为趣味盎然的教学过程，提高课堂教学的效率，让学生进行灵活应用以求完全掌握。 案例实录 例1：引入对话新课Making suggestions for a New Year’s Party开始前，我们照例进行Daily Talk。那天同学所讲的话题是cartoons，谈到喜欢看卡通片，尤其是美国和日本的，但对中国自己的卡通片都不喜欢。理由是无论从内容新意、动画处理技术、衔接技巧等方面与国外相比，都存在或多或少的差距。从所读内容上看，与我们接下来要讲的内容毫无关联。我在听完之后说了这样一句：Since you arenot satisfied with our cartoons, why not write to the cartoon makers to make some suggestions? Do you know how to?带出了对话的内容。但对于这个语言功能，并不急于把句型展示给学生，而是创设了几个情景，让学生通过训练，自主地进行归纳。 Making suggestions for the night Relaxing Sleeping winter hlidays improving spoken English choosing the reading materials 略经准备后，学生开始说起来。第一对学生中有一位胆子较小，口语不是很好，所以她们就根据实际情况作了如下对话： S1: How can I do to improve my spoken English? S2: You should practise a lot. Reading the text aloud will be helpful to you. S3: Thank you for your suggestion. 接着又有几对学生将他们所编的对话呈现给其他同学。但一细心的学生发现了这样一个问题：前面几位同学都是接受建议的，那么怎么来表达相反的意思呢?这位同学及其他有类似疑惑的同学很快从同学的对话中得到了答案。 S1: How can we spend our winter holidays? S2: Let’s go traveling. S3:I’d rather not. But thank you just the same. 从以上的几段对话中我们可看出，如果直接出示新句型不能引起学生的注意力，而创设情景以后学生很快就进入了新课的角色中，他们不再被动地等老师说出句型，而是主动地应用以前所学的知识进行提建议。教师对这一用法不需作太多的说明，只要帮助学生对一些常见句型进行归纳和整理即可。对于其中出现的问题，教师也不必马上解答，而是启发引导生充分发挥其能动性及自主性。 例2：对话应用在引入对话、学习了对话内容及对常用句型进行整理后，我们就让学生进行写、听、说等多种训练以学会具体应用。语言的应用要在一定的环境下进行，这就要求创设多个不同贴近生活的情景，以激发学生的兴趣，更好地掌握语言功能。 . 课本上的听力训练B部分是根据所给的图片及听到的内容来判断正确与否。我利用了这张图片，让学生进行pictrue talk。 T: Now we know how to make suggestions. In fact, we are often required to makesuggestions in our daily life. Suppose there is a new classmate in your class.She wants to buy something in her free time, but she is a stranger in your district. Then she asks you for help. What should you do? Let’s do another exercise. 对于这一picture talk练习，我要求每组上的两位同学选取一个地点，自己创设情景来编对话。在领会了我的意图后，学生们开始练习起来，随后运用了新学的知识进行了内容很丰富的对话。如下面一则： S1: I feel cold now. S2: If I were you, I would wear more clothes. S1: But I haven’t got enough clothes. S2: Why not ask your father to bring you some? S1: I’d rather not. My home is quite far from here. S2: Then you’d better buy one. S1: That’s a good idea. But I don’t know where to buy. S2: You can go to the Fifth Street. There is a dress shop there. S1: How can I get there? S2: Do you still remember where the post office is ? When you go out of it, just cross the street. You’ll find the dress shop on the right of the shoe shop. S1: Thank you. 从以上的对话我们不难发现，学生不但很好地掌握了新课的内容，而且能结合使用以前所学的关于问路的语言功能，实现了知识的迁徙。因此我又设计了下面一项内容：要求学生结合前几课所学的课文内容，围绕着“Making Suggestions”这一主题，用多种形式来进行训练。下面就摘取了学生的两个活动片段：活动一： (short play) A fat man wanted to lose weight. He went to ask the doctor for suggestions. The doctor told him what to eat and to take some exercise. On his way home, he met his friend and told her his decision. But when his friend visited him a few days later, she found he was even fatter. He didn’t follow the doctor’s suggestions at all. (Unit Two) 共3页：上一页 [1] 2 [3] . 活动二： (interview) A journalist interviewed a top student. The studentgave his own suggestions on how to study better. (Unit Six) 这一训练既帮助学生复习巩固了新旧知识，又锻炼了他们的语言交际能力。更重要的是，它极大地调动了学生的学习积极性，因而发挥出他们的创造性，真正体现出学生主体性。效果与反思 1、教师在语言功能学习中，利用一切可以利用的条件，为学生创造一种学习英语的语言环境，将枯燥抽象的内容，赋予一个十分有意义的惹人探求的情景之