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s its aspects. For a long period of time, “text” and “discourse” share similar meanings and areused interchangeably without much consideration. In fact, even in today, these twoterms still fall into a nursing bed like twin brothers or twin sisters, which are hard torecognize or distinguish. When it comes to academic field, researchers hold differentviews due to their different understandings and also the terms’ speciality.Zongyan Wang(1988) in his English-chinese dictionary of applied linguisticsdefined each of the term. He concluded that text is a language unit either in spoken orwritten form, which can be long or short. Thus, a “text” can be mapped with only onemeaningful word, like the written mark “Exit” on the way out. At the same time, anovel, a debate, a preach can also form a text, too. If you expect to fully understand atext, the situation of context is indispensable. The function of a text may includewarning, indication or some sort of inner expression. Whereas, “discourse” istechnical term with little or without certain range, which refers to different varieties ortypes of practical happenings came out in verbal communication.
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2.2 Concepts of cohesion and cohesive devices

2.2.1 Notion of cohesion by Halliday and Hasan
Text, as has mentioned in 2.1, is used in linguistics to refer to any kind ofpassages, including various genres, of whatever length, spoken or written. “A textdoes form a united whole,” mentioned Halliday and Hasan. This has already beentaken for granted by most people of their nation. They can distinguish whether thesamples presented are text or just a series of collection of unrelated sentences.Whereas, the question is whether anyone who are unaware of the general rulesholding the description of text can tell the difference! Text is not a grammatical unit ordefined by its size. It is by no means a disconnected sequence of sentences. So theremust be certain features that mark the characteristics of texts. Actually, that is texture.“A text has texture, and this is what distinguishes it from something that is not a text.”(Halliday&Hasan,2) And the linguistic features presented in a passage will no doubtcontribute to the text unity and give it texture. The pronouns like “they” and “him” are quite important tobe illustrated because of their function of referring back to something mentionedbefore. But the cohesion is effected not only by the referring item alone but by thereferring item and referred one together. As Halliday concluded, “It is not enough thatthere should be a presupposition; the presupposition must also by satisfied.” Noticingthis, the realization of texture is clear seen to fulfill through cohesion.
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Chapter Ⅲ Methodology.........37
3.1 Research purpose ........37
3.2 Research questions..........37
3.3 Research subjects ........38
3.4 Data collection ........38
3.4.1 Control variable in the research ....38
3.4.2 Data source........39
3.5 Data analysis ...........39
Chapter Ⅳ Results and discussion...........43
4.1 Results of data statistic........43
4.2 Analysis of the frequently used cohesive devices....45
4.2.1 Analysis of lexical cohesion ......45
4.2.2 Analysis of Reference .........49
4.2.3 Analysis of conjunction .........52
4.3 Reasons for improperly using certain cohesive devices .....54
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